COMPOSITAE 591 



1359. E. canadensis L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage/ p. 65.) In this species the 

 heads are only 5. mm. long, 3 mm. thick, and 3 mm. broad above. The female 

 ray-florets are very numerous. Kirchner gives their length as 3 mm., the 

 slender filiform whitish tongue, which stands erect, measuring less than 1 mm. 

 The disk-florets (3 mm. long) are all hermaphrodite, slender, tubular, and coloured 

 yellow above. Automatic self-pollination does not appear to take place, despite the 

 inconspicuousness of the heads (but cf. Kerner's statement, quoted above). 



Visitors. Schenck noticed the bee Halictus pauxillus Schenck in Nassau. 



1360. E. alpinusL. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 445-7.) This species 

 is gynomonoecious, with two forms of female florets. The yellow disk is 5-7 mm. 

 in diameter, and surrounded by a ray of slender reddish-lilac florets, with tongues 

 5 mm. long. In these heads there are three kinds of florets: (1) fertile female 

 ray-florets, with tongues which enhance conspicuousness ; (2) fertile female florets, 

 devoid of tongues, between the margin and centre of the disk, serving only for 

 the production of fruits ; (3) hermaphrodite florets in the middle of the head, pro- 

 ducing nectar and pollen, and with stigmas adapted for crossing, and probably, 

 in the absence of insect visitors, for automatic self-pollination. Kerner says that 

 the stigmas of the female florets become receptive a few days before pollen is 

 produced in the hermaphrodite ones of the same inflorescence. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Herm. Miiller, a fly and 2 Lepidoptera. MacLeod (Pyrenees), a Lepidopterid 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 359). Lindman (Dovrefjeld), a Lepido- 

 pterid. 



1361. E. compositus Pursh. (Abromeit, ' Bot. Ergeb. von Drygalski's Gron- 

 landsexped.,' pp. 65-7.) This species is native to Greenland, arctic America, and 

 the highest parts of the Rocky Mountains. Abromeit says that there are three 

 varieties, in which the rose-coloured to pale-violet ray-florets are, respectively, 1 2 mm. 

 long (var. grandiflorus Hook.), 6-7 mm. long (var. breviradiatus), and absent (var. 

 discoideus A. Gr.). 



1362. E. acris L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' p. 65.) In this species the heads 

 are 8-10 mm. in diameter. Kirchner states that the female florets agree with 

 Hermann Miiller's description of E. alpinus. The 30-40 female ray-florets possess 

 a tube 3-4 mm. long, and a slender lilac-coloured tongue of the same length. The 

 outer part of the disk is occupied by a great number of other female florets, white 

 in colour, and devoid of tongues. In the middle of the head there are 6-12 or 

 more yellow hermaphrodite florets, of which the stylar branches ultimately diverge. 

 When flowering is over the hermaphrodite florets assume a dirty dark-red colour. 



1363. E. uniflorus L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 447.) This species 

 is gynomonoecious, with only one kind of female floret. The yellow disk is not 

 more than 3-4 mm. in diameter; but the white or bright-red tongues of the 

 numerous ray-florets extend this to a surface 8-15 mm. across. 



The species is widely distributed in the arctic and boreal regions. Abromeit 

 states that there are several sub-species in Greenland (e. g. E. pulchellus Fries, and 

 E. eriocephalus /. Vahl), these being distinguished by the purple-red colour of the 



