598 



ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDON ES 



insects. The stylar branches project i mm. from the disk-florets, and diverge at an 

 angle of 45-60 . 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed the following in Thuringia. 



A. Coleoptera. Cerambycidae : 1. Strangalia bifasciata Mull., gnawing the 

 anthers. B. Diptera. (a) Empidae : 2. Empis sp., skg. (5) Muscidae : 3. Aricia 

 sp., skg. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 4. Coelioxys conoidea 77/. $, skg. ; 

 5. Megachile centuncularis Z., $, do. ; 6. Nomada ruficornis Z. $, do. ; 7. Osmia 

 spinulosa K. $, extremely numerous, actively po-cltg. ; 8. Stelis breviuscula Nyl. 5, 

 skg. (5) Tenthredinidae : 9. Tarpa cephalotes F., freq., skg. D. Lepidoptera. 

 Rhopalocera'. 10. Coenonympha pamphilusZ., skg.; 11. Melitaea athalia Rott., very 

 common, skg.; 12. Thecla ilicis Esp., skg. 



1399. I. Helenium L. (Herm. Muller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 91.) 



Visitors. Buddeberg observed the following in Nassau. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: 1. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. ; 2. Volucella 

 inanisZ., do. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 3. Anthidium manicatumZ., J, skg. (?); 

 4. Andrena minutula K. 5, do. ; 5. Chelostoma nigricorne Nyl. $, do.; 6. Coelioxys 

 rufescens Lep. $ and J, do. ; 7. Epeolus variegatus Z., do. ; 8. Halictus leucopus K. 

 J, do. ; 9. H. sexcinctus F. 5 and $, po-cltg. and skg. ; 10. H. tetrazonius Klg. $, 

 do.; 11. Osmia claviventris Thorns. 5, do.; 12. Stelis aterrima Pz. 5 and t, very 

 numerous, skg.; 13. S. phaeoptera K. 5, occasional, skg. 



Handlirsch, on the authority of Assmuss, records the fossorial wasp, Alyson 

 fuscatus Pz. 



1400. I. britannica L. (Herm. Muller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 92.) 



Visitors. Buddeberg observed the following in Nassau. 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae : 1. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. Apidae: 2. Anthidium manicatum Z. J, skg.; 3. Epeolus variegatus Z. 

 $ and t, do. ; 4. Panurgus calcaratus Scop. 5 and t>, skg. and po-dvg. 



Alfken (Bremen) noticed the parasitic humble-bee Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. 5, 

 skg. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) records the bug Eurygaster maura Z. 



1401. I. salicina L. (Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) I 

 this species the stigmas of the female ray-florets are still receptive when the oute 

 hermaphrodite disk-florets open, so that geitonogamy without the help of insects 

 is easily possible. The stylar branches of the tubular florets are flattened, ar 

 somewhat enlarged apically, so that as long as they remain apposed in the anther 

 cylinder they form a clavate terminal expansion by which the pollen is pushed out 

 Sweeping-hairs are only present in very small numbers at the extreme tip, 

 owing to the peculiar construction of the stylar branches are almost superfluous 

 Internally these branches are beset with very short stigmatic papillae, and ultimatelj 

 diverge to an angle as much as 90 , but without becoming reflexed. Since the) 

 are relatively long, the pollen of younger florets can easily reach the stigmas 

 older ones, and thus effect geitonogamy in the absence of insect visitors. The 

 pollen-grains are yellow in colour, polyhedral, with marginal spinose tubercles, aboi 

 22 n in diameter. 



Visitors. Loew (Brunswick) observed the moth Zygaena onobrychis .S. V. % 

 skg. (' Beitrage/ p. 50). 



