COMPOSITAE 619 



1466. A. tinctoria L. (Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisation,' p. 329, 'Weit. Beob./ 

 Ill, pp. 86-8 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The diameter of the golden yellow 

 disk is 12-18 mm. in this species. Hermann Miiller describes it as consisting of 

 from 300 to over 500 tubular hermaphrodite florets, surrounded by 30-35 female 

 ray-florets, which are usually of the same colour. The entire head presents a circular 

 surface 25-40 mm. across. The ray-florets open first : their stylar branches diverge 

 and roll back to some extent. The disk-flowers next mature in centripetal order, in 

 successive zones : their mechanism agrees with that of the disk-florets of Achillea 

 Millefolium. As the corolla-tubes of the disk -florets are only 2 mm. in length, and 

 the bells (into which the nectar ascends) are only 1 mm. long, the nectar is accessible 

 even to insects with the shortest form of proboscis, provided this is of suitable 

 thickness. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following 

 list. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Bupreslidae \ 1. Anthaxia nitidula Z. (Budd.). {b) Ceram- 

 bycidae: 2. Strangalia bifasciata Mull. 5 and <$, po-dvg. (H. M., Thuringia). 

 (c) Chrysomelidae : 3. Cryptocephalus sericeus Z., gnawing the anthers (H. M., 

 Thuringia). (d) Elateridae: 4. Agriotes gallicus Lac. (H. M.). (e) Mordellidae: 

 5. Mordella aculeata Z. (H. M.); 6. M. fasciata F. (H. M.). (/) Oedemeridae : 

 7.0edemeraflavescensZ., po-dvg. (H.M., Thuringia). B. Diptera. (a) Bombyliidae: 

 8. Exoprosopa capucina F. (Budd.). (b) Conopidae: 9. Myopa sp., skg. (H. M.). 

 (c) Muscidae: 10. Anthomyia sp., po-dvg. (Budd.); 11. Aricia sp., po-dvg. (H. M., 

 Thuringia); 12. Gymnosoma rotundata Z. (H. M.) ; 13. Ocyptera brassicariae F., 

 skg. (H. M., Thuringia); 14. Ulidia erythrophthalma Mg., very common (H. M., 

 Thuringia). (d) Syrphidae: 15. Eristalis arbustorum Z., po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 16. 

 Helophilus floreus Z., po-dvg. (H. M., Thuringia); 17. Melithreptus taeniatus Mg., 

 po-dvg. (H. M.); 18. Syritta pipiens Z., skg. and po-dvg. (H. M., Budd.). 

 C. Hemiptera. 19. Calocoris chenopodii Fall., skg. (H. M., Thuringia). D. 

 Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 20. Colletes daviesanus K. 5 skg. and po-cltg. 

 (H. M., Thuringia), $ skg. (Budd.); 21. C. marginatus Z. S, skg. (H. M.); 

 22. Halictus maculatus Sm. J skg., $> po-cltg. (H. M., Budd.); 23. Heriades 

 truncorum Z. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.) ; 24. Osmia spinulosa K. %, skg. (Budd.); 

 25. Prosopis propinqua Nyl. J, skg. (Budd.); 26. Rhophites quinquespinosus Spin. 

 S, skg. (Budd.). (6) Ichneumonidae : 27. Several (H. M.). (c) Tenthredinidae: 

 28. Tarpa cephalotes F., very common (H. M., Thuringia). (d) Vespidae: 29. Vespa 

 rufa Z. 5, settling but flying off again at once (H. M., Thuringia). E. Lepidoptera. 

 (a) Rhopalocera : 30. Epinephele janira Z., skg. (H. M., Thuringia); 31. Lycaena 

 corydon Scop., skg. (H. M., Thuringia) ; 32. Melanargia galatea Z., skg. (H. M., 

 Thuringia) ; 33. Thecla ilicis Esp., skg. (H. M., Thuringia ; Budd.). (b) Sphingidae: 

 34. Zygaena achilleae Esp., skg. (H. M., Thuringia). (c) Tineidae: 35. Nemotois 

 dumeriliellus Dup., skg. (Budd.). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Knuth (on cultivated plants), some skg. and po-cltg. bees (Apis, and Halictus 

 cylindricus F), po-dvg. hover-flies (Eristalis arbustorum Z., E. tenax Z., E. nemorum 

 Z., and Helophilus pendulus Z.), and skg. Muscids (Lucilia caesar Z., L. cornicina F., 

 and Scatophaga stercoraria .). Delpino the Bombyliid Lometia beelzebub F. ('Ult. 

 oss.,' Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xvii). Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden). A. Coleoptera. 

 Coccinellidae: i.CoccinellaimpustulataZ. ; 2.C.quattuordecimpunctataZ. B. Diptera. 

 (a) Muscidae: 3. Anthomyia sp. {b) Syrphidae: 4. Eristalis nemorum Z. ; 5. Helophilus 

 floreus Z. ; 6. Syritta pipiens Z.; 7. Syrphus ribesii Z. C. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: 

 8. Pieris brassicae Z., skg. 



