COMPOSITAE 627 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. 



Buddeberg observed the Sphegid Sapyga decemguttata Jur. S, skg. (according 

 to Herm. Miiller, 'Weit. Beob./ Ill, p. 86). Alfken (Bremen), the po-dvg. Muscid 

 Pyrellia cadaverina Z. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), a parasitic humble-bee, 2 

 hover-flies, and 4 Muscids (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 94). 



1481. C. Leucanthemum L. (= Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Tanacetum 

 Leucanthemum Sch. Bip.). (Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' pp. 329-31, ' Weit. Beob.,' 

 Ill, p. 85, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 432 ; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893 ; 

 Loew, 'Blutenbiol. Floristik,' pp. 394, 397 ; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 93, 195; Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) In this species the 

 diameter of the yellow disk is 12-15 mm.; it is surrounded by a border of white 

 ray-florets as broad or broader, so that the total width of the head is 40 mm. or more. 

 Hermann Miiller gives the length of the corolla of the 400-500 tubular florets 

 as scarcely 3 mm.: the tongue of the usually 13 or 21 ray-florets (according to 

 Ludwig) is 14-18 mm. long and 3-6 mm. broad. Nectar rises into the bell of the 

 disk-florets, which is barely 1 mm. long. In the first stage of anthesis these florets 

 present pollen, in the second stage their diverging stigmas to insects, so that these 

 will necessarily effect numerous crossings during a single visit. The stylar mechanism 

 is the same as in the last species {cf. Fig. 199, 6-8). There is also a similar possibility 

 of automatic self-pollination : if the pollen has not been removed by insects from the 

 sweeping-hairs it will fall from them upon the papillose stigmatic surfaces of the 

 diverging stylar branches, so as to effect autogamy. Warnstorf describes the pollen- 

 grains as yellow in colour, polyhedral, with strong spinose tubercles, 25-31 mm. in 

 diameter. 



Visitors. Herm. Miiller (H. M.) and Buddeberg (Budd.) give the following list 

 for Westphalia and Nassau. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae : 1. Leptura livida F., very numerous 

 (H. M.); 2. L. testacea Z. (H. M., Fichtelgebirge) ; 3. Pachyta octomaculata F. 

 (H. M.); 4. Strangalia armata HbsL, po-cltg. (H. M. and Budd., Thuringia); 

 5. S. atra F. (H. M.); 6. S. attenuata Z. (H. M.); 7. S. melanura Z., freq. (H. M.). 

 (b) Chrysomelidae : 8. Clytra quadripunctata Z. (H. M., Kitzingen). (c) Dermestidae : 

 9. Anthrenus pimpinellae F., po-dvg. (H. M.). (d) Elateridae : 10. Agriotes ustulatus 

 SchalL, po-dvg. (H. M., Thuringia); n. Athous niger Z. (H. M.). (e) Mordellidae: 

 12. Mordella aculeata Z., freq. (H. M.); 13. M. fasciata F. (H. M.). (/) Niti- 

 dutidae: 14. Meligethes, very common (H. M.). (g) Oedemeridae : 15. Oedemera 

 podagrariae Z., po-dvg. (H. M., Thuringia). (h) Scarabaeidae : 16. Cetonia aurata 

 Z. (H. M., Sauerland) ; 17. Gnorimus nobilis Z. (H. M.) ; 18. Trichius fasciatus Z., 

 freq. (H. M.). (*') Telephoridae : 19. Dasytes flavipes F. (H. M.); 20. Malachius 

 aeneus Z. (H. M.). (k) Cleridae: 21. Trichodes apiarius Z. (H. M.). B. Diptera. 

 (a) Bombyliidae : 22. Bombylius canescens Mikan, skg. (H.M., Budd.). (b) Conoptdae : 

 23. Conops flavipes Z., skg. (H. M.) ; 24. Sicus ferrugineus Z., skg. (H. M.). 

 {c) Empidae: 25. Empis rustica F., skg. (H. M.). {d) Musctdae: 26. Echinomyia 

 tessellata F. (H. M.) ,-27. Lucilia cornicina F. (H. M.) ; 28. L. sylvarum Mg. (H. M.) ; 

 29. Macquartia praefica Mg. (H. M.); 30. Musca corvina F. (H. M.) ; 31. Pollenia 

 vespillo F, po-dvg. and skg. (H. M.); 32. Pyrellia aenea Zett. (H. M.); 33. Scato- 

 phaga stercoraria Z., skg. (H. M.); 34. Sepsis sp., do. (H. M.). (e) Stratiomyidae: 

 35. Nemotelus pantherinus Z., extremely numerous, skg. (H. M.) ; 36. Odontomyia 

 viridula F, very common, skg. (H. M.). (/) Syrphidae: 37. Cheilosia fraterna Mg. 

 (H. M.); 38. Eristalis aeneus Scop., very common, po-dvg. (H. M.) ; 39. E. arbustorum 



s s 2 



