COMPOSITAE 629 



Ludwig found a slug (Limax laevis Matter) in hundreds on the heads in wet 

 weather. (Cf. Vol. I, pp. 79-80.) 



Clessin also observed (according to von Jhering) a slug (Limax brunneus 

 Drap.) as an occasional agent of cross-pollination in Rio Grande do Sul. 



458. Doronicum Toum. 



Disk-florets hermaphrodite; stylar branches, immediately below their extreme 

 tip, surrounded by a circlet of sweeping-hairs directed obliquely upwards, the outer- 

 most being the longest ; their inner surface completely beset with stigmatic papillae. 

 Ray-florets ligulate, female, the outer ones almost devoid of sweeping-hairs. 



1482. D. macrophyllum Fisch. (Hildebrand, ' U. d. Geschlechtsverhalt. b. d. 

 Compositen,' pp. 25-6, Taf. II, Figs. 18-28.) Hildebrand states that in this Persian 

 species there is not such a perfectly adapted arrangement of sweeping-hairs as in 

 most other Compositae, less because of the structure of the style itself than from the 

 fact that when the pollen is shed its tip is already some distance above the base 

 of the anther-cylinder. The ray-florets possess vestiges of the five stamens, and 

 their nectaries are as well developed as those of the disk-florets. 



Visitors. Loew observed an Elaterid (Limonius cylindricus Payk.) and a bee 

 (Halictus cylindricus F. $>, po-cltg.) in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



1483. D. Pardalianches L. Hildebrand (loc. cit.) states that this species 

 resembles the last one. Here again the ray-florets possess vestigial stamens, and 

 their nectaries are as well developed as those of the hermaphrodite florets. According 

 to Warnstorf (Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896), the pollen-grains are golden- 

 yellow in colour, spherical to ellipsoidal, with long spinose tubercles, 25-31 fx 

 in diameter. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. {a) Dermestidae : 1. Anthrenus scrophulariae Z. {5) Niti- 

 dulidae: 2. Meligethes aeneus F., numerous. B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 3. 

 Anthomyia sp. ; 4. Lucilia caesar Z. (6) Syrphidae : 5. Eristalis arbustorum Z. ; 

 6. E. nemorum Z. ; 7. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 8. H. pendulus Z. ; 9. Platycheirus 

 albimanus F. J ; 10. Syritta pipiens Z. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 11. Chelostoma 

 nigricorne Nyl. S, skg. ; 12. Heriades truncorum Z. $, po-cltg.; 13. Osmia fulvi- 

 ventris Pz. $, do. 



1484. D. cordatum Sch. Bip. (Warnstorf, Verh. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 

 1896.) In this species the ray-florets are female; their stigmas mature before those 

 of the hermaphrodite disk-florets. The latter develop in centripetal order, and the 

 stamens of the outermost ones are usually vestigial. The pollen-grains are dark- 

 yellow in colour, rounded to ellipsoidal, with long spines, 30-7 /*. in diameter. 



1485. D. austriacum Jacq. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Buprestidae : 1 . Anthaxia quadripunctata Z. (6) Nitidulidae : 

 2. Meligethes sp. B. Diptera. (a) Muscidae : 3. Lucilia caesar Z. (b) Syrphidae : 

 4. Eristalis arbustorum Z. ; 5. E. nemorum Z. ; 6. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 7. Syritta 

 pipiens Z. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 8. Andrena fasciata Wesm. t, skg. ; 

 9. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, po-cltg.; 10. H. leucozonius Schr. 5, do. ; n. H. 



