COMPOSITAE 635 



Visitors. Loew saw the butterfly Polyommatus phlaeas Z., skg., in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. 



1504. S. carniolicus Willd. (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 441-2.) 

 In this species the diameter of the heads is 2030 mm., and 3-10 of them are 

 aggregated into a corymb. Each head consists of 5-10 disk-florets, and usually 

 3-5 ray-florets, though the latter may be entirely wanting. The ray-florets are 

 remarkable as showing transitions to the tubular disk-florets {cf. Fig. 203). 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed a beetle, 3 flies, and 2 Lepidoptera. 



1505. S. cordatus Koch (=S. alpinus Scop., and Cineraria cordifolia Gouari). 

 (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 442.) In this species there are 150-200 disk-florets, 

 making up a surface 12-18 mm. in diameter, which is extended by more than 20 

 ray-florets to form a star 50-60 mm. broad. The flower mechanism agrees with 

 that of S. Doronicum, as in which the common receptacle swells up and renders 

 geitonogamy possible (Kerner). 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed 2 flies and 2 Lepidoptera ; and von Dalla 

 Torre saw the Alpine humble-bee Bombus alticola Kriechb. in the Tyrol. 



1506. S. abrotanifolius L. (Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 442-3.) In 

 this species the heads are 25-35 mm - m diameter, and as many are aggregated to 

 form a continuous surface the plant is very conspicuous. The disk is 8-10 mm. broad, 

 and contains 60-80 florets. The stylar branches of these diverge so widely in the 

 second stage of anthesis that they almost touch the upper end of the anther-cylinder, 

 but Hermann Muller never observed automatic self-pollination. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller observed 2 beetles, 7 flies, 18 Lepidoptera, and 

 a Hemipterid. It is noteworthy that the orange-red flowers are specially sought 

 out by red butterflies (cf. Crepis aurea and Hieracium aurantiacum). 



1507. S. nebrodensis L. Kerner's investigations on the Blaser in the Tyrol 

 prove that this usually annual species may continue to live on if its seeds are not able 

 to ripen during the first year. 



Visitors. Herm. Muller saw 8 flies, 5 bees, and 1 1 Lepidoptera in the Alps 

 ('Alpenblumen,' p. 444). 



Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: 1. Anthomyia sp. (5) Syrphidae: 2. Eristalis 



arbustorum Z. ; 3. E. nemorum Z. ; 4. Syritta pipiens Z. B. Hemiptera. 5. 



Pyrrhocoris apterus Z. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 6. Halictus nitidiusculus K. 

 $, po-cltg. 



1508. S. macrophyllus Bieb. 



Visitors. Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



A. Coleoptera. Coccinellidae : 1. Coccinella bipunctata Z. B. Diptera. 

 (a) Muscidae: 2. Echinomyia fera Z. ; 3. Pyrellia cadaverina Z. ; 4. Sarcophaga 

 carnaria Z. (6) Syrphidae: 5. Eristalis arbustorum Z. ; 6. E. nemorum Z.; 

 7. Helophilus floreus Z. ; 8. H. trivittatus F. ; 9. Syritta pipiens Z. C. Hymeno- 

 ptera. Apidae'. 10. Apis mellifica Z., 5, skg. and po-cltg.; 11. Halictus cylindricus 

 F. 5, skg. ; 12. Psithyrus vestalis Fourcr. o", do. 



1509. S. Jacobaea L. (Herm. Mailer, ' Fertilisation,' pp. 335-6, ' Weit. Beob.,' 

 Ill, p. 89; Knuth, 'Bl. u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' pp. 94, 160; MacLeod, Bot. 



