638 ANGIOSPERMAEDICOTYLEDONES 



. 



K. $ and 5, skg., $> also po-cltg. (b) Chrysididae: 2. Hedychrum lucidulum 

 (c ) Sphegidae : 3. Ammophila sabulosa Z. $, skg. ; 4. Crabro cribrarius L. 5, skg, 

 5. Psammophila viatica Deg. $, skg. H. de Vries (Netherlands), the bee Colletes 

 fodiens K., and the humble-bee Bombus terrester Z. (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 

 2. Sen, 2. Deel, 1875). MacLeod (Flanders), 5 hover-flies and 2 Lepidoptera 

 (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 427): also (Pyrenees), a bee, a hover-fly, 

 and 2 Muscids (op. cit., iii, 1891, p. 360). Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), 2 humble- 

 bees, 3 short-tongued bees, several flies, and a beetle (' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' 

 p. 98). Saunders (S.) and Smith (Sm.) (England), 7 bees (1. Andrena denticulata 

 K. (S.) ; 2. A. tridentata K. (S., Sm.) ; 3. Colletes fodiens K. (S., Sm.) ; 4. Halictus 

 calceatus Scop. $ (Sm.); 5. Nomada jacobaeae Pz. (S., Sm.); 6. N. roberjeotiana 

 Pz. (S., Sm.); 7. N. solidaginis Pz. (S., Sm.)), and a fossorial wasp (Oxybelus 

 mucronatus F.). 



1510. S. vernalis Waldst. et Kit. 



Visitors. Loew observed a beetle (Meligethes sp.) and a Muscid (Onesia 

 floralis R.-D.) in Brandenburg (' Beitrage,' p. 40). 



1511. S. vulgaris L. x S. vernalis Waldst. et Kit (Warnstorf, Schr. natw. Ver., 

 Weringerode, xi, 1896.) In this hybrid the diameter of the heads is about 10-12 mm. 

 (in S. vernalis 22-25 mm.); 8-12 small ray-florets (in S. vernalis 12-13), with a 

 semi-tubular tongue about 4 mm. long, spoon-shaped and concave above, 3-toothed, 

 with prominent marginal papillae. In S. vernalis the tongue is flat from its base, 

 8-10 mm. in length, slightly emarginate at its rounded tip, and not papillose at the 

 edges. The pollen-grains of the hybrid are golden-yellow in colour, very irregular, 

 and variable in size. They are roundish to ellipsoidal, closely beset with spinose 

 tubercles, 23-24 fi in diameter. Those of S. vernalis are regular, on an average 

 37 /a long and 24 y, broad. The tongues of the ray-florets do not roll up towards 

 evening in the case of the hybrid, or only partly so, while those of S. vernalis all roll 

 back strongly. After the pollen has been shed the disk-flowers of the hybrid are 

 very soon exceeded in length by the pappus. 



Warnstorf considers that the ray-florets of this hybrid are undoubtedly meta- 

 morphosed 5-toothed disk-florets, which represent an intermediate stage between 

 the two kinds of floret. This also appears from the fact that a fourth tooth is 

 sometimes visible immediately above the tubular part of the tongue, though as 

 a rule two teeth fuse to form the tube, while the elongated spoon-shaped region 

 possesses three teeth at its truncate end. 



1512. S. erucifolius L. According to Kirchner (' Beitrage,' p. 70), the flower 

 mechanism of this species is the same as in S. Jacobaea. The total diameter of the 

 head is about 30 mm., that of the disk 10 mm. The number of ray-florets is 12-14. 

 The stylar branches of the disk-florets curve downwards to such an extent when they 

 begin to fade at the end of the second stage of anthesis that they touch the undivided 

 part of the style. 



Visitors. Kirchner observed the hover-fly Eristalis tenax Z., and Schenck the 

 following bees in Nassau. 



1. Epeolus variegatus Z. ; 2. Nomada jacobaeae Pz. ; 3. N. roberjeotiana Pz. ; 

 4. N. ruficornis Z. ; 5. N. sexfasciata Pz. ; 6. N. solidaginis Pz.; 7. N. zonata Pz. 



1513. S. uniflorus All. Kirchner (' Beitrage,' p. 70) says that at Zermatt the 

 diameter of the heads of this species is 30 mm. The number of ray-florets is 12-15. 





