COMPOSITAE 655 



Loew (Brandenburg), the bee Megachile lagopoda Z. $>, po-cltg. (Beitrage/ 

 p. 39); (Silesia) Parnopes grandior Pall., skg. (op. cit., p. 31). Schmiedeknecht 

 (Thuringia), 2 parasitic humble-bees Psithyrus globosus Ev. J, and P. rupestris 

 F. t>. Alfken (Bremen), 10 bees 1. Bombus arenicola Ths. J; 2. B. distinguendus 

 Mor. 5; 3. B. lapidarius Z. $j; 4. B. ruderatus F. $, skg.; 5. B. terrester Z. $; 



6. Halictus calceatus Scop. 5; 7. Osmia solskyi Mor. $; 8. Psithyrus barbutellus 

 K. 5 and $; 9. P. campestris Pz. J; 10. P. rupestris F. $. Schiner (Austria), 

 3 Muscids 1. Oxyphora miliaria Schr. ; 2. Urophora solstitialis Z. ; 3. U. sty lata F. 

 Schletterer (Pola ; and for the Tyrol =T.). Hymenoptera. (a)Apidae: 1. Andrena 

 florea F., po-cltg.; 2. Bombus hypnorum Z. (T.); 3. B. mesomelas Gerst. (T.); 

 4. B. terrester Z. (T.); 5. Ceratina nigroaenea Gerst.; 6. Halictus levigatus K. &; 



7. H. morbillosus Krchb.; 8. H. quadricinctus F. ; 9. H. scabiosae Rossi; 10. Osmia 

 fulviventris Rossi; 11. Psithyrus rupestris F.(T.). (b) Scoliidae : 12. Scolia insubrica 

 Rossi. 



1545* C. medius Gouan. According to MacLeod (' Pyreneenbl.,' pp. 352-4), 

 the diameter of the purple-red heads of this species is 30 mm. in the Pyrenees. The 

 corolla-tube is 10-11 mm. long, and the ventricose nectar-containing bell is 4-5^ mm. 

 deep. Insects with a proboscis 4-5 mm. in length are therefore able to suck the 

 nectar, while beetles, with short-tongued flies and Hymenoptera, may be found 

 devouring the pollen. 



Visitors. MacLeod observed 14 Hymenoptera, 16 Lepidoptera, 6 beetles, 

 3 Syrphids, and 9 Muscids. 



1546. C. carlinoides Gouan. MacLeod states that the purple heads of this 

 species are 25-30 mm. in diameter in the Pyrenees (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 

 1 891). The corolla-tube is 7-8 mm. long, and the bell 3-4 mm. deep. As in the 

 last species, most of the visitors are long-tongued insects. 



Visitors. MacLeod observed 14 Hymenoptera, 2 Lepidoptera, a beetle, a 

 Muscid, and an Empid. 



1547. C. pycnocephalus L. 



Visitors. Schletterer observed the following at Pola. 



Hymenoptera. (a)Apidae: 1. Anthidium septemdentatum Ltr. ; 2. Andrena 

 lucensZw^. ; 3. Ceratina cucurbitina i?w ; 4. Osmia fulviventris Pz. ; 5. O. spinolae 

 Schenck; 6. Prosopis hyalinata Sm., var. subquadrata F. (b) Chrysididae: 7. Holo- 

 pyga amoenula Dahlb. (c) Sphegidae : 8. Pemphredon unicolor F. ; 9. Tachytes 

 obsoleta Rossi. 



470. Onopordon L. 



Florets, hermaphrodite, tubular. Stylar branches non- divergent; rows of 

 stigmatic papillae on their outer margins; at their base a ring of moderately 

 short sweeping-hairs directed obliquely upwards. 



1548. O. acanthium L. (Herm. Mttller, 'Fertilisation,' pp. 344-5, 'Weit. 

 Beob.,' Ill, p. 81, ' Alpenblumen/ p. 417 ; Kerner, ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. 1, II, 

 p. 252; Knuth, 'Bliitenbiol. Herbstbeob./ 'Bliitenbiol. biol. a. d. Ins. Riigen,' 

 ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') The bright purple florets of this species, according 

 to Hermann Miiller, possess a corolla-tube 10-12 mm. in length, and a bell 

 3-4 mm. deep, with 5 linear non-divergent lobes 6-8 mm. long. The nectar 

 ascends as far as the bell. In the first stage of anthesis the pollen which has 



