COMPOSITAE 691 



long) in the midday sun, to give a violet star about 40 mm. in diameter. The 

 stylar branches ultimately roll back, often so far that their stigmatic inner surfaces 

 touch their outer surfaces, to which some pollen often remains clinging. As in 

 the case of the last species, the florets of each head develop simultaneously, being 

 first male and then female, so that insect visitors necessarily effect cross-pollination. 

 Kerner says that at Innsbruck the heads open between 6 and 7 a.m., closing again 

 about 5 or 6 p.m. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), a fly and a beetle. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden). 

 A. Coleoptera. Telephoridae : 1. Dasytes flavipes F. B. Diptera. Syrphidac. 

 2. Syrphus luniger Mg. C. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 3. Chelostoma nigricorne 

 Nyl. J, skg. 



1640. L. viminea J. et C. Presl. 



Visitors. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed a beetle (Anthaxia quadri- 

 punctata Z.) and 3 bees (1. Megachile centuncularis Z. J, skg. ; 2. Prosopis armillata 

 Nyl. <j>, do. ; 3. Stelis aterrima Pz. 5, do.). 



501. Mulgedium Cass. 



Florets blue. Style covered externally with very sharp thorn-like sweeping- 

 hairs, extending far down its undivided part, but denser on its branches. The inner 

 surfaces of the latter beset with stigmatic papillae. Kerner states that the stylar 

 branches diverge so far when the florets fade as to touch the outer surfaces of 

 adjacent branches, and as they are still covered with pollen geitonogamy is effected. 



1641. M. alpinum Less. (=Sonchus alpinus Z., and Lactuca alpina Benth. 

 et Hook. /.). (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 459-60.) In this species about 

 20 florets are aggregated into a head which in the closed condition is only 

 4 mm. in diameter, but 20-30 mm. when expanded in the sunshine. The 

 stylar branches are 2 mm. long; they diverge in the second stage of anthesis, 

 but never roll back far enough to effect automatic self-pollination. 



Visitors. The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. 



Herm. Miiller ( Vosges), Apis, a humble-bee, a Lepidopterid, and a beetle. Lindman 

 (Dovrefjeld), a humble-bee. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), 6 bees 1. Bombus 

 lapidarius Z. <j> and J, skg.; 2. Chelostoma nigricorne Nyl. S, do.; 3. Halictus 

 sexcinctus F. $>, do. ; 4. Osmia fulviventris Pz. J and J, do. ; 5. Osmia rufa Z. % 

 po-cltg. ; 6. Stelis phaeoptera K. J, skg. 



1642. M. macrophyllum DC. (= Lactuca macrophylla A. Gray). 

 Visitors. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed a hover-fly (Melanostoma 



mellina Z.) and a bee (Chelostoma nigricorne Nyl. J, skg.). 



1643. M. prenanthoides DC. 



Visitors. Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed 2 hover-flies (Didea inter- 

 media Loew, skg., and Syrphus balteatus Deg., licking the style). 



y y 2 



