COMPOSITAE 



701 



tubes 3-5 mm. and ligules 8-16 mm. long. The style grows through the 

 anther -cylinder, sweeping before it the pollen which adheres to its spinose 

 sweeping-hairs, for 6 mm., 2-| mm. of this being taken up by its branches. In 

 the second stage of anthesis these branches gradually diverge and bend back 

 until the stigmatic papillae touch the pollen clinging to the sweeping-hairs, so 

 that automatic self-pol- 

 lination must take place 

 if insect-visits fail. 



Linnaeus says that 

 the heads open at Upsala 

 about 6 a.m., and close 

 again about 5 p.m. 



Visitors. Herm. 

 Mviller gives the following 

 list for Lippstadt. 



A. Coleoptera. 1. 



Coccinella quinquepunc- 

 tata Z. B. Diptera. (a) 

 Conopidae : 2. Occemyia 

 atra F., skg. ; 3. Sicus 

 ferrugineus Z., do. (5) 

 Syrphidae : 4. Eristalis 

 arbustorum Z., very com- 

 mon, po-dvg. and skg. ; 5. 

 E. nemorum Z., skg. ; 6. 

 E. tenax Z., very common, 

 po-dvg. and skg. ; 7. Syr- 

 phus balteatus Deg., do. ; 

 8. S. ribesii Z., po-dvg. 

 C. Hymenoptera. (a) 

 Apidae: 9. Apis mellifica 

 Z. $f, freq., skg. and po- 

 cltg. ; 1 o. Bombus lapida- 

 rius Z. 5, skg.; n. Coe- 

 lioxys conoidea III. $, do. ; 



12. C. simplex Nyl. $, do.; 13. Dasypoda hirtipes F. 5, skg. and po-cltg. ; 

 14. Halictus cylindricus F. J, skg.; 15. H. leucozonius Schr. 5 and J, po-cltg. 

 and skg. ; 16. H. villosulus K. $ and J, do. ; 17. H. zonulus Sm. 5; 18. Megachile 

 argentata F. $>, skg.; 19. M. willughbiella K. J, do. ; 20. Panurgus calcaratus Scop. 

 $ and J, po-cltg. and skg.; 21. Sphecodes gibbus Z. J, skg. (6) Chrysididae: 



22. Hedychrum lucidulum F. 5. D. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: all skg.: 



23. Hesperia sp. ; 24. Lycaena icarus Rott. ; 25. Pieris napi Z., freq.; 26. P. 

 rapae Z. ; 27. Polyommatus dorilis Hfn. ; 28. Pararge megaera Z., do.; 29. 

 Vanessa urticae Z., not infrequent. 



Alfken observed the following. 



In Juist. A. Diptera. (a) Musctdae: 1. Cynomyia mortuorum Z. ; 2. 

 Echinomyia tessellata Z. ; 3. Lucilia caesar Z. {b) Syrphidae : 4. Eristalis tenax Z. ; 

 5. Melithreptus sp. ; 6. Platycheirus manicatus Mg. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae : 

 7. Bombus distinguendus Mor.\ 8. B. hortorum Z. J ; 9. B. lapidarius Z. Ijj and J; 

 10. B. muscorum F. $f and J; n. B. terrester Z. J; 12. Dasypoda plumipes Pz. $, 



FlG. 210. Hieracium umbellatum, L. (after Herm. Miiller). (i) Floret 

 in the second stage (x 7). (2) The stylar branches, still further recurved, 

 so that autogamy is ultimately possible. (3) The part ab of the left stylar 

 branch of(i) (x 60). (4) Floret in which self-pollination is taking place 



(X 7). c, stigmatic papillae ; d, sweeping-hairs; e, pollen-grains ;_/| anther- 

 cylinder ; g, filaments ; A, style ; i, corolla-tube ; k, unsymmetrical limb of 

 the corolla ; /, pappus ; tn, ovary. 



