STUDIES OF TREES IN WINTER 



ent day, a little cavity is made in the churn to 



receive a small portion of witch-hazel, without 



which the dairymaids imagine that they would 



not be able to get the butter to come." 



The specific name, montana, from the Latin 



word meaning living on mountains, was given 



to this tree because it is found growing, not 



only in the plains and valleys, like Ulmus 



campestris, but also in the remote highlands 



where it finds a foothold and flourishes on 



the steep slopes of the mountains. 



__ , . A small tree, 20 to so feet 



Hackberry, ... .. , . . . J . 



Sugarberry, nigh, with slender, wide-spread- 



Nettle Tree ing branches. The terminal buds 



Cdtis occidentalis it- ,t i , 1 



are lacking, the lateral ones are 

 flattened and pointed and somewhat hairy. The 

 twigs are dark grayish brown with white cham- 

 bered pith inside the stems. The leaf-scars are 

 semi-oval with three bundle-scars and alternate 

 in arrangement. The fruit is reddish, turning 

 dark purple ; it is round and berry-like and 

 about the size of a currant. 



The hackberry grows wild in Massachusetts, 

 but it is found rarely and is generally mistaken 

 for an elm. It grows commonly in lowland 

 woods in Western New York and the Middle 

 States, and it can be identified both in winter 



and summer by the white chambered pith, 



112 



