14 



THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 



January 



honey has, owing to the formic acid, 

 etc., contained in the latter. 



Goebharter has this to say in Bien- 

 en-Vater about queens: "As every 

 bee-keeper knows the extreme age of 

 a queen is four years. Should per- 

 chance she live beyond this age she is 

 worthless. Even in their third year 

 many queens do not come up to the re- 

 quirements. A good prolific queen is 

 necessary for best results and the wise 

 bee-keeper will therefore see to it that 

 his colonies are always headed by 

 such." On this point Fraberger says in 

 the same number of B.-V. that the 

 bee-keeper should not be satisfied to 

 merely have a queen in each hive, but 

 he should also know whether she is old 

 or young, prolific or not, fertile or not, 

 etc. Still, he says, it is not advisable 

 to interfere with the brood nest very 

 often. A few examinations each year 

 will suiTice. Queens older than three 

 years should always be replaced by 

 younger ones. 



FRANCE. 



The honey crop is light. In the best 

 localities 20 to 30 pounds has been 

 taken from each colony, but the aver- 

 age throughout the land is less than 

 10 pounds. 



F. Greiner. 



GRADING RULES OF THE COL- 

 ORADO STATE BEE-KEEP- 

 ERS' ASSOCIATION. 



COMB HONEY RULES. 



No. I. section to be well filled and 

 capped, honey white or slightly amber, 

 comb white and not projecting beyond 

 the wood, wood to be cleaned; cases of 

 separatored honey to average 21 pounds 

 net per case of 24 sections, with a min- 

 imum weight of not less than 20 pounds 

 for any single case; cases of half-separ- 

 atored honey to average not less than 

 21 3-4 pounds net per case of 24 sec- 

 tions, with a minimum weight of 20 3-4 

 pounds for any single case; cases of un- 

 separatored honey to average not less 

 than 22 1-2 pounds net per case of 24 

 sections, with a minimum weight of 21 

 1-2 pounds for any single case. 



No. 2. Includes all amber honey of a 

 pronounced tinge and all whit-e and am- 

 ber honey not included in No. i; to be 



fairly well sealed, uncapped cells not to 

 exceed fifty in number exclusive of the 

 outside row, wood to be well cleaned; 

 cases of separatored honey to average 

 not less than 18 pounds net per case of 

 24 sections; cases of half-separatored 

 honey to average not less than, 19 

 pounds net per case of 24 sections; 

 cases of unseparated honey to average 

 not less than 20 pounds net per case of 

 24 sections. 



EXTRACTED HONEY RULES. 



Extracted honey shall be classified as 

 white and amber, shall weigh 12 pounds 

 per gallon, shall be perfectly free from 

 particles of wax, and shall always be 

 marketed in new cans. All rendered 

 honey, whether obtained by solar heat 

 or otherwise, shall be classed as strain- 

 ed honej^ and not as extracted. 



RECOMMENDATIONS. 



It is recommended to sell all cull hon- 

 ey around home as much as possible, to 

 grade only in daylight, near a window: 

 to use the standard 4 1-4x4 1-4x1 7-8 

 inch section and the 24 pound double 

 tier shipping case, in order to have uni- 

 formity in loading cars; to stamp all 

 cases of No. i honey with the owner's 

 name above the hand-holes; to mark 

 all cases of No. 2 honey with two dashes 

 in the handholes at each end of the 

 case, and with no other marks whatso- 

 ever; to use no second-hand cases for 

 No. I and No. 2 honey; to pack all 

 sections with paper below and above, 

 and in double-tier cases to put a sheet 

 of paper between the tiers; to store 

 comb honey in a warm', dry place, pro- 

 tected from flies and dust: and to haul 

 carefully, well protected from dust and 

 rain. — From an official circular issued 

 by the Association. 



We are indebted to the A. I. Root 

 Co.. Medina, Ohio, for a copy of the 

 1903 edition of the A B C of Bee Cul- 

 ture. In the new edition a pleasing 

 change has been made in the binding; 

 many new engravin^^s and much inter- 

 esting matter have been added. By a 

 system of constant revision, the ABC 

 is kept as nearly up-to-dnte as is possi- 

 ble, and is, unquestionably, the most 

 exhaustive and minutely explicit work 

 on bee-keeping that we have. The new 

 volume contains nearly oOO pages, and 

 in typography and general make-up, 

 reflects much credit upon the publisher. 



