140 



THE BEE-KEEPEKS' REVIEW 



and a prolific race of bees a necessit}'. 

 I have discarded queen excluders, 

 division boards and bee escapes. I 

 now use full sheets of foundation, and 

 fixed frames, and would have no other. 

 I have conquered the swarming 

 pi'oblem, and know that not only ex- 

 tracted honey, but comb honey as well, 

 can be successfully produced in out- 



3'ards. I have learned that bees must 

 be kept with g-ood prolific queens, and 

 plenty of honey left with the bees at all 

 times, and, above all, the bees put into 

 winter quarters in the best of condi- 

 tion, for, on this, most largely, depends 

 success or failure the coming year. 

 San Anto->iio, Texas, Nov. 11, 1904. 



©ouscims, 



.s^tractedl Si! 



>imey im 



BY ELMER TODD. 



T WILL state that I am in a locality 

 J- like the one mentioned on page 334 

 of the Review for October, 1904, that is, 

 there is foul brood here, yet I run half 

 my bees for extracted honey. I have 

 given foul brood considerable study, 

 extending" over a period of 14 years, 

 carrying on experiments with it that 

 would have been more appropriate for 

 an experiment station than for an in- 

 dividual to undertake. Frommy experi- 

 ence, I will give some easy, inexpensive 

 methods whereby your subscriber, if 

 he understands foul brood, and, is 

 moderately careful, can handle the 

 disease as easily while producing ex- 

 tracted honey as though he were pro- 

 ducing comb honej'. 



A OUEEN EXCLUDER NECESSARY. 



Use a queen-excluding zinc between 

 the upper and lower stories, thus con- 

 fining the queen below, and extract 

 from no comb from the lower story, or 

 from any comb containing brood; also 

 be careful, when filling the upper 

 story for extracting, to use no combs 

 taken from diseased or dead colonies, 

 such as may contain the dried down 

 scales of the diseased. Do this, and 

 foul brood can be as easily controUeU 



as though the apiary were managed 

 for comb honey. 



HOW FOUL BROOD IS SPREAD IN AN EX- 

 TRACTING APIARY 



The principiil causes why foul brood 

 spreads faster in an extracting apiary, 

 is due to extracting from combs con- 

 taining brood, some of which is, occa- 

 sionally, diseased, and then transfer- 

 ring such combs to health^' colonies. 

 With such management, the extractor 

 also becomes a source of contagion, 

 and might disease a whole apiary if it 

 were not cleaned after extracting even 

 one set of combs containing- brood taken 

 from a diseased colony. 



A colony badly diseased will not 

 store much, if any, surplus, either of 

 comb or extracted honey, and, the 

 sooner it is attended to (if any are 

 allowed to'get in that condition) the 

 safer it will be; as such a colony' is 

 liable to swarm out and leave its combs 

 to be cleaned out b}' other bees. 

 While the danger of robbing is always 

 present at any intermission or stop- 

 page of a honey flow, robbers will 

 plunder an abandoned hive at times 

 when a few bees at the entrance of a 

 weak colony, with the entrance nar- 



