THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 



273 



Arranc^ements have been completed 

 for holding,'- the meetinj:!^ in Chicag-o, at 

 the Revere House, corner of Michigan 

 and Clark Sts., on the 5th, 6th and 7th 

 of December. This hotel can accom- 

 modate at least 300 bee-keepers, and 

 the rates are 75 cts for a room alone, 

 or 50 cts. each where two occupy the 

 same room. Meals are extra, or they 

 may be secured at nearby restaurants. 



W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Secretary. 



The Temperalure at which Liquids Boil. 



Many of us have fallen into the habit 

 of thinkings: that the "boiling-point" is a 

 certain degree of heat— that, for in- 

 stance, at which water boils. And 

 rig-ht here let it be explained that 

 water does not always boil at the same 

 temperature. At the level of the sea it 

 boils at 212deg-rees Farenheit, but the 

 higher we ascend, the lower thedegree 

 of heat at which it will boil. The less 

 the atmospheric pressure, the less the 

 heat required to bring- the water to the 

 boiling point. In sugar factories, the 

 boiling^ is done in a vacuum, as the 

 deg-ree of heat required is so much 

 lower. Quite a graphic, as well as 

 somewhat amusing, illustration of the 

 pranks that altitude plays in the 

 matter, was given me by a bee-keeper 

 who went West on account of his wife's 

 health. They went up into the mount- 

 ains and lived in a tent. The husband 

 was out "prospecting" the first fore- 

 noon, and returned at noon for his din- 

 ner, only to find his wife all wrought 

 up because the beans were not cooked. 

 "I have boiled them all of the fore- 

 noon," she exclaimed, "and they are 

 just as hard as ever they were." The 

 husband was well-stocked with "book 

 larnin' " and it did not take him long 

 to decide why this mysterious perform- 

 ance—they were so high up that the 

 water boiled at such alow temperature 

 that there was not sufficient heat to 



cook the beans. They found, after- 

 wards, that they could not cook even 

 potatoes by boiling— it was necessary 

 to bake them. 



There is still another phase of 

 this matter, and one in which bee- 

 keepers are probably more interested, 

 and that is that all liquids do not boil 

 at the same temperature. The heavier 

 the liquidthe greater the heat required 

 to bring it to the boiling point. Honey 

 will not boil at the same point that 

 brings water to the boiling point. I 

 came across quite a graphic illustra- 

 tion of that the other day when out on 

 an inspecting tour, A bee-keeper 

 wished to boil some honey that he had 

 extracted from foul broody colonies. 

 He bought two wash-boilers— a No. 8 

 and a No. 9. He set the No. 8 inside 

 the No. 9, putting sticks under the 

 inside boiler to keep it off the bottom 

 of the outside boiler. He tilled the inside 

 boiler with honey, and the space be- 

 tween the boilers he filled with water, 

 and then built a fire in the stove upon 

 which they stood. He brought the 

 water to the boiling point, and kept it 

 there for an hour and a half, but the 

 honey woiildiiH boil! He finally set the 

 boiler containing the honey directly 

 uDon the stove, and then he could boil 

 the honey. It was a puzzle to him why 

 the honey did not boil when the water 

 boiled. 



Liquids lighter than water will boil 

 at a less temperature than that re- 

 quired to boil water. Liquids heavier 

 than water require a higher tempera- 

 ture. There have been some experi- 

 ments made to show at what tempera- 

 ture, and how long continued, the seeds 

 of foul brood may be expected to lose 

 their vitality. The results of these ex- 

 periments have not always agreed with 

 the actual practice of boiling the 

 honey. In this connection it would be 

 well to remember that in making the 

 scientific experiments, the boiling has 

 not been done in honey, but in some 

 lighter liquid, like water, in which the 



