THE WATER SYSTEMS. 49 



curve from the north-east to the north-west, and rent by 

 several waterfalls, it falls into the sea some 30 versts, or 

 20 miles below the town of Bjornborg. 



'IV. The water-system of Middle Finland, or the Tawast- 

 land water-system, collects itself in the great Lake Paijane, 

 180 versts, or 120 miles long, and at the place of greatest 

 expansion, 25 versts, or 17 miles broad, at a height of 253 

 feet above the sea. This lake receives its principal afflu- 

 ents from the north out of that portion of Tawastland 

 which belongs to Wasa' Lan, where its most northern 

 springs have their sources in the heights facing the boun- 

 dary of Uleaborg Lan, in lat. 63 30', and from a number 

 of pretty large lakes sending these waters to the south. 

 Amongst others, Kolimajarwi, 30 versts or 20 miles long ; 

 Keitele, from 60 to 80 versts, or 40 to 50 miles in length, 

 which receives from the west the waters of Lake Kiwijarwi, 

 50 versts, or 33 miles long. These, strengthened by many 

 side-lakes and affluents, while still within the boundaries 

 of the Lans of Wasa, rush in a southerly direction by 

 the Hapawesi into the Paijane, which, having received 

 also the waters of the Puulawesi and several other lakes 

 from the north-east, and the Wesijarwi from the south, 

 pours itself through the Kalkis Strom into the Lake 

 Routsalain, out of which flows the lyrango Strom, which 

 falls into the Konnewesi. Finally, out of this lake the 

 Kyrnmene, which draws off the whole body of waters, 

 takes its flow, and flowing in an easterly direction, it 

 traverses several other lakes, and receiving several impor- 

 tant affluents from the north on the boundary between 

 the Lans of Nyland and of Wyborg, it turns towards the 

 south, and tumbling over several waterfalls on its way, 

 amongst which may be named that of Hogfors, it takes its 

 course towards the Gulf of Finland, into which it falls by 

 five mouths between Lovisa and Frederickschamm. 



' V. The water-system of East Finland, or that of Savolar- 

 Karelia, takes its rise also in the Maanselka, where it 



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