178 



THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



It is also used for lighting and for heating, and employed 

 for the fabrication of charcoal, of turpentine, of resin, of 

 pitch, of tar, and of lamp-black. 



His report is that in the western parts of Finland we 

 find forests cf Pinus silvestris up to 68 U 30' lat., but in the 

 eastern parts up to 69 30'. Further to the north it grows 

 only in sheltered places, but in such situations it is found 

 in forests so far north as 69 55', but only in a dwarf state, 

 and intermixed with birch trees. 



The fir (Abies excelsor) is also very common, and forms 

 vast forests to the south of the Arctic Circle. The 

 northern boundary of its growth is marked by a line which, 

 a little to the north of the Ounastunturi (68 20'), extends 

 to the village of Kyroe (68 45'), not far from the embou- 

 chure of the Ivalojoki in the lake Enare. But isolated 

 trees of it are found in the Lappish territory of Enare in 

 latitude 69. 



Of this, known as the Norway spruce, there were exhi- 

 bited at Moscow four sections of trunks, grown in Finland, 

 which may be thus tabulated : 



In regard to this, the Pinus dbies L., Abies excelsor D.C., 

 it is reported by Dr Blomqvist : ' We have two varieties of 

 the Norway pine, one of which has in the cone rhomboidal 

 scales denticulated at the apex, and the other obovate 

 scales entire at the apex. The former may be considered 

 as the principal form, and identical with the Norway pine 

 of Central Europe, The second (var. Medioxima Nylander 



