196 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



In the instructions for the management of Crown 

 forests, issued under date of 13th May 1859, [ante p. 119, 

 pp. 132-138], prescriptions were given of the size of wood 

 to which timber required for different purposes should 

 be confined. 



In these prescriptions shipbuilding timber is classified 

 thus : 



(a.) Mast timber. Pine trunks, of straight growth, free 

 from twist or shake, at least 70 feet long, and 21 decimal- 

 tinns or feults one-tenth of a Finnish foot in diameter 

 at 6 feet above the root, with an upper diameter of 12| 

 dec., and at the centre of equilibrium, 20 feet or more 

 from the top, a diameter of at least 15 dec. 



(6.) Large mast spars of pine wood, 68 feet in length, 

 with a diameter of 19 dec. 6 feet from the root, and a 

 diameter of 12| at the upper end. 



(c.) Lesser mast spars of pine, 60 feet long, with diameter 

 6 feet from the root of 18 dec., and a diameter of 11 -^ dec. 

 at the upper extremity. 



(c?.) Large yard spars of pine or fir, free from twist, 70 

 feet long, with a diameter 6 feet from the root of 20J dec., 

 and a diameter at upper extremity of W~ dec., with a 

 diameter at half the length of 15 J dec. 



(6.) Top-gallant mast yards of pine or fir, of the length 

 of 70 feet, with a diameter, at centre of equilibrium, of 1 2 

 dec., and of 7 dec. at top. 



(/.) Bowsprits of pine ; the greater 42 feet long, with a 

 diameter at 6 feet above the root of 25 dec. ; the lesser 

 36 feet long, with a diameter of 22J dec. 6 feet above the 

 root, and at the top of 15 J dec. 



( g.) Keel timber of pine or fir, at least 36 feet long, and 

 a diameter of at least 17 dec. 



(/*.) Rudder beams of pine or fir, heart wood, at least 

 30 feet long, and at least 15 dec. in diameter. 



(".) Deck balks of pine : the larger 30 feet long, 7 to 

 7| dec. in breadth, and 19 dec. in thickness ; the lesser 

 24 feet long, 4 to 4J dec. in breadth, and 12f dec. in 

 thickness, 



