DISPOSAL OF FOREST PRODUCTS. 205 



National Exhibition in Moscow this summer. I may add 

 that in many parts of the country they manufacture tar 

 from the stumps and roots of the Scots fir, Pinus silvestris. 

 At the same exhibition were exhibited two models of 

 charcoal pits. 



SECTION E. FUEL. 



To the quantity of wood made use of in the manufac- 

 tures which have been spoken of has to be added the 

 quantity consumed as fuel in other industries, prominent 

 amongst which are tile works, porcelain and glass manu- 

 factories, smelting and engineering works, cotton mills, 

 and woollen manufactories, in which steam-power is 

 employed, and locomotive engines in steamboats and on 

 railways, in all of which wood is the principal fuel con- 

 sumed. 



In these it is mainly for the production of motive power 

 that forest products are required. In the production of this 

 there were employed 2357 water wheels, and 211 turbines, 

 of an aggregate of 41,105 horse-power, and 456 steam- 

 engines, of an aggregate of 54-29 horse-power. But to 

 these have to be added 93 locomotive railway engines, of 

 16,400 horse-power, and 211 steamboats of 5407 horse- 

 power. In many of the steam-engine furnaces wood is 

 used as fuel, though coke and coal are largely employed. 



To the consumption of firewood as fuel which is thus 

 occasioned, has to be added that of the consumption of 

 wood as fuel in domestic life, in heating the houses, in 

 cooking, and in the baths. The domestic consumption of 

 firewood by a population numbering two millions, living in 

 a country so far north as Finland, and where this is the 

 only fuel accessible to the people, must be very great. 



Dr. Ignatius reports that, according to an approximate 

 calculation, there is consumed annually in Finland 754 

 millions of cubic feet of wood, without taking into account 

 what is consumed in the towns and what is exported. He 

 states that the destruction which is thus occasioned has 



