FAUNA. 281 



autumn, as does also the swan (Cygnus musicus), which 

 may be seen in summer for a very short time swimming 

 in the lakes of the north and the north-east. 



Of feathered game may be mentioned the woodcock 

 (Tetrao bonasia), the heathcock (Tetrao urvgallus), the 

 small grouse (Tetrao tetrix), the gray partridge (Perdix 

 cinerea), the Lag opus alpinus, and many species of wild 

 ducks. 



There are also birds of prey in great numbers. Amongst 

 others there are the common eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), 

 the osprey (Haliaetus albicilla}, this latter, however, migrates 

 in winter ; six species of falcons, two of vultures, and six of 

 owls. 



Of fish there are found in the lakes, and rivers, and seas 

 around Finland, some 80 species. Amongst the most 

 important, in an economical point of view, are the herring 

 (Clupea marengus), from 75 to 100 millimetres in length, 

 which frequents the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, and is 

 met with on extensive banks near the outer reefs of the 

 archipelago of the coast ; the anchovy (Clupva sprattus, L.), 

 common on the south and south-west coasts ; the pike 

 (Esox Indus'), abounding in all the Finnish waters, and on 

 into Lapland ; the perch (Perca fluviatilis), which is also 

 common like the last ; the sandre (Lucioperca sandra, Cuv.), 

 is met with up to 66 5' in the greater part of the deep 

 lakes, and also in the archipelago in the south ; the Plat- 

 essaflesus, L. ; the cod (Gadus morrhua, L.), common in the 

 Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, up to Qvarken, but rare to 

 the north of this ; the Lota vulgaris, Cuv.), which is taken 

 everywhere in winter ; the eel (Anguilla vulgaris, Flem.), 

 which is fished in the sea, and in most of the rivers and lakes 

 in communication with it ; the bream (Abramis brama, L.,) 

 is met with up to the Polar Circle ; the Idus melanotus; 

 the roach (Leuciscus rutilis) many species of the genus 

 lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus, L.), Marocna block, &c. ; the Core- 

 gonus albulal L. is limited in its longitudinal range, but it 



