36 FORESTRY IN EASTERN RUSSIA. 



sively to the new method, which is designed to accom- 

 plish, under like conditions, that in. which the former is 

 defective and calls for reform. 



' 5. The production of timber of large dimensions (if the 

 ground be suitable) which may be employed in industrial 

 operations. 



' 6. The enrichment of the standing wood material, 

 and the progressive augmentation of the production ; 



'7. The production of natural sowings by means of the 

 seed cast abundantly by the reserves ; and the ameliora- 

 tion of the crop by the aid of natural reproduction ; 



' 8. Preparation for a state of timber forest, by facilita- 

 ting the management required for proceeding promptly to 

 the transformation when the moment for this shall have 

 come ; 



' 9. The application of treatment the most advantageous 

 under every point of view, to the bee.ch coppice which 

 cannot be converted into timber forest, be it on account of 

 economical considerations, or be it on account of the 

 poverty of the land. 



' Let us compare now the spirit of the method proposed 

 with that of the old system of Furetage, and cast a glance 

 at the general results of the two methods of procedure. 



1 One can establish easily two essential differences. 



' In the old Faretage each shoot was considered indivi- 

 dually; and the necessary precautions were taken to 

 secure the life of the stump, and the prosperous growth of 

 the shoots to be obtained. Further, the shoots in a 

 dominant condition were exploited, and the dominated 

 shoots were reserved awaiting the attainment by these 

 of a maximum of dimensions which was variable, 



' On the contrary, by the employment of the proposed 

 formula : 



< 1. The consideration of each shoot separately is aban- 

 doned in favour of the consideration of the prosperity of 

 the crop in a mass. This method of looking at the sub- 

 ject is conformable to the modern and generally adopted 

 method of attending to the culture of woods, the prescrip- 



