FOREST EXPLOITATION IN UFA. 39 



In the forests of Colonel Pashkoff at Bogoyavlensk and 

 at Verchotov, the method of exploitation is essentially 

 this of Furetage, but with certain modifications suggested 

 by the proprietor. The following is a summary of infor- 

 mation procured for me by my friend from the foresters 

 in charge : 



'In the former there are 57,559 desiatins, or 155,400 

 acres, of which 43,037 desiatins are forests ; in the latter 

 nearly 47,073 desiatins, or 127,100 acres, of which 32,055 

 desiatins are forests. 



' In the former the trees are oak, Norway maple, elm, 

 aspen, lime, birch, and a proportionally small number of 

 pine. 



' In the latter the broad-leaved trees are of the same 

 kinds, but there are about 7000 desiatins of fir and pine. 

 In the former there are still about 9000 desiatins of virgin 

 forest ; the remainder consists of trees ranging from one to 

 fifty years old. In the latter there are about 7000 

 desiatins of virgin forest, and the remainder consists of 

 trees varying from one to sixty years of age. 



'In the former there is felled annually a section of 

 about 200 desiatins, the oak trees alone being left 

 standing, and this produces about 2000 square fathoms of 

 a prescribed thickness, which is converted into charcoal ; 

 in the latter the sections of forest felled annually are about 

 250 desiatins in extent. In these also the oaks are 

 reserved, and the produce is about 2,500 fathoms, which 

 in like manner is made into charcoal. 



' The sections devoted to exploration are in both forty 

 in number. In the cleared sections the trees grow up 

 more densely than before, and by the expiry of the forty 

 years cycle they are again fit for being felled. 



is to the full as expressive as rtboiseimnt, " management" as intelligible as exploitation, 

 "clearance" as sartage, "selection" as jard'maae, '-rotation" or "cropping" for 

 la methcde a tire et cure, "coppice* for furetage and taillis sous futaie.' But it 

 is the case that none of the English terms suggested is the equivalent of the French 

 term for which it is suggested that it might be substituted ; and, unhappily. I do not 

 know any which is so in the present stage of forest science in Britain. I have sought 

 to secure precision by the course I have followed here and in ether passages open to the 

 bartie objection, deeming this of import ru: CO in existing circumstances. 



