120 FORESTRY IN EASTERN RtfSSlA. 



be secured without detriment to the others, but that all 

 shall be secured as the result of what ma} 7 be done with a 

 special view to the accomplishment of any, what is done 

 in view of all promoting each, what is done in view of 

 each promoting all : a combination of ends gained in the 

 accomplishment of one, such as is ofttimes seen in nature, 

 for example in the honeycomb, where economising of 

 space, of material, and labour, are so combined that 

 apparently it may with equal propriety be described in 

 the same phrase, with either of these three ends treated 

 as if the one end in view. 



What is sought is a sustained production throughout a 

 period of indefinite, infinite, or perpetual duration every 

 year, every four years, every ten years, according as the 

 case determined may be giving an equal produce either 

 in quantity or in value, according as the case determined 

 shall be equal to the maximum capability of the forest 

 without diminution, periodical or permanent and 

 without detriment to the forest not only so, but without 

 diminution of the forest trees as felled being replaced 

 by natural reproduction from self-sown seed, while the 

 reproduction of the forest and the felling of every tree 

 that is felled tends alike to the improvement of the forest 

 so that it shall ever be rising in value as its products 

 are withdrawn. 



This is what is meant by sustained production, natural 

 regeneration, and progressive amelioration of forests. It 

 may be said, incredulously If forest science, properly 

 applied, can do all this, it can work wonders : it takes 

 away one's breath to read it! "Well, such is the end of 

 forest economy as carried out in France, and it is there 

 being accomplished ; nor in France alone, but in various 

 sections of the German Empire ; and it is that apparent 

 perfection of forest management to which students of 

 forest science throughout the Continent of Europe are 

 seeking to bring the management of forests in the lands 

 with which they are severally connected. 



This method of exploitation has been to some extent 



