FOREST EXPLOITATION. 121 



introduced into Russia, where it is known as the scientific 

 method of exploitation ; in Germany it is known as Die 

 Fachwerke Method; in France, as La Methode des Com- 

 partiments. But it has not been introduced to such an 

 extent in this part of Russia as to call for a detail of its suc- 

 cessive operations. Such details are given in Introduction 

 to the Study of Modern Forest Economy [pp. 165-186], and 

 more briefly in the French Forest Ordinance of 1669 [pp. 

 45-47]. In this place mention is made of it to indicate 

 the position in the development of the method adopted of 

 forest economy. This method of exploitation has been 

 adopted more or less extensively, and more or less per- 

 fectly, in the Governments of Tula, Orel, Kaluga, and 

 others in which mining operations or manufactories are 

 extensively carried on ; and these operations it has been 

 sought to regulate by legislative enactments. 



The area of forests of which concessions have been 

 made, is understood to be 5,394,000 decatins, or 5,995,028 

 hectares. 



Atkinson, in his work entitled Oriental and Western 

 Siberia, writing of the estate of the Demidoffs, says : 



1 On this vast estate of the DemidofFs, containing 

 3,095,700 acres, nearly equalling Yorkshire, nature has 

 been most bountiful. Iron and copper ore appear to be 

 inexhaustible. Platinum and gold are in the upper 

 valleys, and malachite is found there also in enormous 

 quantities, with porphyry and jasper of great beauty, and 

 various coloured marbles. Their forests extend over more 

 than 10,000 square versts, and are thickly covered with 

 timber. These woods are under the supervision of intelli- 

 gent officers, whose duty it is to cut them down in proper 

 succession. It requires a space of eighty years to repro- 

 duce timber suitable for the use of the zavods.' And 

 again : 



' The view of the lake looking up towards Bielaya Gora, 

 with its islands and hilly shores, is very pretty; formerly 

 it was thickly wooded on the north side, but the timber 



