, r ; .FORESTRY IN POLAND. 



In Poland we find an endeavour made to introduce the 

 most advanced forest exploitation of the day that known 

 in Germany, where it originated, as Die Fachwerke Method, 

 known in France as La Methode des Compartiments, and 

 known in Poland and in some other countries as the Scientific 

 Method of Exploitation. In Lithuania we find forest 

 management similar to what prevails throughout Central 

 Russia. And in Courland, Estonia, and Livonia, we meet 

 with some special regulations issued for the management 

 of forests in the Baltic Provinces of Russia. 



Through all of these last-mentioned countries Poland, 

 Lithuania, Courland, Estonia, and Livonia I have tra- 

 velled once and again in proceeding to or from St. Peters- 

 burg, where I once resided as pastor of the British, and 

 American Church, and where I have frequently passed 

 the summer ministering to the same church, while one and 

 another of those who have succeeded me in the pastorate 

 sought a few months' relaxation at home. In all of them 

 I have had correspondents in some districts, numerous 

 correspondents ; and though my correspondence with most 

 related chiefly, if not exclusively, to the publication of 

 religious tracts, and to the sale and distribution of the 

 New Testament Scriptures, there has thus been sustained 

 for more than half a century an interest in them which 

 has procured for me information which otherwise it might 

 have been difficult to obtain. 



My first journey through this portion of Western Russia 

 was made in 1836 ; a second in 1873, coming from 

 Vienna through Poland to St. Petersburg ; my last in 1878, 

 proceeding from St. Petersburg through Berlin and Dres- 

 den to Paris. In the lengthened interval how changed 

 the mode of travelling ! At the time of my first journey 

 there were not even diligences by which the journey from 

 the capital might be made, and railways were unknown 

 and un thought of, while in winter a voyage by sea was 

 impossible. 



By enquiry I learned that there was a British courier 



