FORESTS ON THE DNIEPER. 127 



Moghileff, under the parallel of 54 32', whence it has a 

 southern course through the government of Moghileff, 

 which it divides on the south-west from that of Minsk. 

 In this part of its course it receives numerous tributary 

 streams ; amongst others, the Dneitz, or Drouts, and the 

 Berezina, which is united to the Dwina by means of a 

 canal, and the Verditch, all on the right bank. At the point 

 where it leaves the government of Moghileff, and turning 

 to the west and south forms the boundary between parts of 

 the governments of Minsk and Tchernigov, it receives the 

 Soj on its left bank. Before it reaches Kiev, past which 

 it flows ; it receives the Pripett, which the Muchavice and 

 Orginski canals connect with the Vistula and the Niemen 

 on the right bank. After passing Kiev it receives on the 

 same bank the Teterev, Zdvij, and Irpen. Further on it 

 receives the Roso ; and, after receiving others on the right 

 bank and the left, it is joined by the Bug, which traverses 

 Podolia. By itself and its tributaries the Dnieper 

 supplies abundant facilities for the transport of timber 

 and firewood to the south. 



In conjunction with the Bug, i it forms a large liman, or 

 swampy lagune, called Dnieprovskoi, nearly 50 miles long, 

 and from 1 to 6 miles broad, by which it discharges itself 

 into the North Gulf of the Black Sea. This liman extends 

 from Cherson to Oezakoff, and in summer has hardly six 

 feet of water. The Dnieper, seen from Cherson, re- 

 sembles a vast lake studded with islands. The entire 

 length of the Dnieper, measured by its windings, is 

 about 1,200 miles ; in a straight line it is about 650 

 miles from its source to its mouth. Its depth of water at 

 Smolensk is from 16 to 20 feet ; at Kiev, 20 feet ; at 

 Krementchug, 20 feet ; at the rapids, 8 feet ; below the 

 rapids, from 7 to 12 feet ; at its embouchure, from 5 to 6 

 feet. Its average width is estimated at 700 paces, and 

 the surface which this river and its tributaries drain is 

 exceeded only among European streams by that of the 

 Danube. The Dnieper flows for the most part between 

 high banks, the greatest elevation of which is along 



