FORESTS ON THE DNIEPER. 153 



consequently the consumption of fuel will considerably 

 increase, and likewise the income from the crown forests 

 on the Dwina and its confluents. 



' In the Karatchev district is a cooper fabrique worthy of 

 notice, in which they use 1000 heaps of bands for casks, 

 and about 30,000 hoops. 1000 hoops is worth 13 roubles ; 

 a heap costs about 3 roubles, and is generally 

 supplied by land in the districts of Klimovitch of the 

 Moghileff government, and Roslave of the Smolensk 

 government. The manufacture of these bands costs on 

 the spot 175 kopecs for 100 pieces of 3 archines long; of 

 2J archines long 1 rouble for 100 pieces ; 1 J archines, 

 80 kopecs ; and 18 vershocks, 50 kopecs per 100, according 

 to length of band, and the number used for a cask, tub, or 

 barrel (from 10 to 26 hoops) ; the produce is sold from 6 

 roubles to 240 kopecs, and from 1J roubles to 2 roubles. 

 In all there are manufactured about 3000 pieces, princi- 

 pally tubs are prepared, which are sold on market days in 

 the district of Orel ; sometimes they get orders from brandy 

 fabriques. 



' In the district of Tronbteheosk, on a confluent of the 

 Dwina, from the left side in the village Promniss, situated 

 in a woody place, there is a sawmill worked by water 

 which draws by the local prices 10,000 roubles. 



' Wood materials are much used by leather fabrics of the 

 government of Orel. These are in all parts of the govern- 

 ment, but the principal centres are Bolchov and Jeletz, 

 and after them the districts of Tronbteheosk, Seosk, and 

 partly Briansk. The total amount of skins manufactured 

 amounts to 600,000. According to this number the con- 

 sumption of wood materials is determined as follows. 

 For manufacture of skins put into one vat are required 



Bark oak, 250 poods. 



Tar, 8 



Pitch, 2 



Firewood, \ cubic fathoms. 



The smallest number of skins put into a vat is 90 ; the 



