154 FORESTRY IN LITHUANIA. 



greatest number, 350 ; the medium about 200 ; therefore 

 for the manufacture of 600,000 skins 3000 vats are 

 required, and consequently 



Of Bark, 750,000 poods. 



Tar, - - 24,000 



Pitch, 6,000 



Wood, 60,000 cubic fathoms. 



' The greatest influence on the forest and wood trade in 

 this case is the destruction of the bark ; and as the bark 

 of young trees is required, or of young branches of trees from 

 3 to 5 years old, then the preparation of sale bark must 

 act generally injuriously to forest economy. In this case 

 woods are partly helped by the circumstance that willow 

 bark is frequently preferred, although it contains less 

 tanning acid ; it pounds easily, and being more binding, 

 it is used for manufacturing the rougher sorts of 

 leather. 



* Willow bark is brought from the neighbouring govern- 

 ments, and is partly collected in the government of Orel. 

 The price of it at Bolchov and Jeletz, the centres of con- 

 sumption, is 30 to 40 kopecs per pood; in winter it falls to 20 

 kopecs. Willow bark is often 5 kopecs higher than oak 

 bark. The average in the districts of Seosk and Tronbtch- 

 eosk are the same. If we take 20 kopecs as the average 

 price of the whole quantity consumed, the value of the 

 bark will be 1,500 roubles. But as the price at Jeletz is 

 more frequently 35 kopecs, then the amount will be about 

 2,000 roubles : and this is the case, because in Bolchov, 

 to which place the bark is brought from the government 

 of Kaluga, in consequence of the unequal supply, the price 

 sometimes rises to 40 kopecs. Such a consumption of willow 

 bark obliges us to direct attention to the marshy places of 

 the crown estates, and to adapt them to forest economy, 

 in order to receive the requisite material for the leather 

 fabriques of the Orel government, which form a very impor- 

 tant produce of this locality. The prices of bark from the 

 marshy or so-called perspiring places are higher than for 



