FORESTS ON THE DNIEPER. 159 



sale cover 59,365 desatins 1,012 fathoms. In this area 

 are included the crown estates : Souponev, 7,927 desa- 

 tins 660 fathoms ; Soensk, 7,485 desatins 2,251 fathoms; 

 Koulnev, 16,819 desatins 2,364 fathoms; Koritchijko- 

 Krilov 3,576 desatins 2,209 fathoms; Vorpomorsky, 

 13,513 desatins 1355 fathoms. In these estates there is 

 of forest 41,249 desatins, of which there are under 

 pine, 18,414 desatins ; under fir, 7,616 desatins ; mixture 

 of coniferous and broad-leaved trees, 8,386 desatins ; under 

 broad leaf, 5,167 desatins. In each of these estates some 

 parts of them lie at 5 and 10 versts from the most con- 

 venient roads for sales ; other parts of the same estates lie 

 still further, so that the division of the mass of wood by 

 estates, as it exists at present, is not satisfactory either 

 with regard to forest trade or economy. With regard to 

 trade in wood, since into one whole are joined parts 

 differing between themselves as to expense of cartage of 

 timber, this is inconvenient in making estimates in an 

 economical point of view, because being in contact with 

 each other these estates require their boundaries to be 

 cleared, whereas if the whole area of these estates were 

 taken as one economical unit then all the trees of the same 

 section by one numeration could be divided according to 

 convenience of cartage ; and then the boundary lines would 

 be changed for division lines, which would give great 

 convenience in making the estimates, and in an econo- 

 mical point of view would require less labour in clearing 

 the cuttings. 



' Above we have remarked that the annual sales are 

 preferable to the contract sales for cuttings for a series of 

 years, and we adduce in confirmation of this the follow- 

 ing : In the first Briansk forest district is situated the 

 Polpinsky crown estate, which is on lease ; its total area is 

 4,652 desatins 760 fathoms ; of this area their are 

 under wood 4,016 desatins ; annual cuttings, 58 desatins ; 

 giving a gross revenue of 676 roubles, 46 kopecs, or 11 

 roubles per desatin; whereas the average value of a 

 desatin of clearings in the government of Orel, as we saw 



