FORESTS ON THE DNIEPER. 177 



on the possibility of a change in the demand for 

 forest materials, depending on political events which have 

 taken place, or which may take place in the future. Even 

 if we do not calculate on this temporary rise in the prices, 

 in any case the forest economy in the Dnieper forests 

 being directed principally to the attaining timber of large 

 dimensions, promises very profitable results, because the 

 sales from private estates of firewood and small timber is 

 increasing every year. By increasing the mass of felled 

 timber private individuals try to cover the deficiency of 

 income arising from the exhaustion of timber of large 

 dimensions. The sales of timber of large dimensions from 

 private estates is visibly diminishing, and with regard to 

 them crown forests meet every year less and less competi- 

 tion. 



' Forest materials floated down the Dnieper to Kherson 

 are taken by sea to the ports of the Crimean peninsula, 

 almost to Theodosia, principally timber for sawing, and fit 

 for shipbuilding, To Nicolayev wood of all sorts goes, and 

 from thence higher up the Bug to Vojnesensk, principally 

 boards and building timber, and Odessa is supplied ,vith 

 wood of all suits. As a characteristic of the dearness of forest 

 materials in Odessa may be mentioned the sale of firewood, 

 which is sold in such small quantities, that in the wood mar- 

 kets, kiziah (dried dung), reeds, and other fuel, is sold. A 

 few billets are sold for 5, 10, and 15 kopecs to the poorer 

 classes, to serve as chips to light the fire. In such a sale 

 a fathom of wood produces not less than 35 roubles, and 

 such a price exists in a town where the consumption of 

 coal is much developed. 



1 To Kherson, from the upper parts of the Dnieper, wood 

 is floated down only by wood dealers, and here it is 

 purchased wholesale by other dealers for sale in the 

 Kherson, and in the ports of the Dnieper, or for shipping 

 by sea to the above-named places. 



' The principal demand is for timber for sawing, and as 

 workmen are dear, two sawmills have been erected at 

 Kherson. Their importance is not the same here as in the 



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