TIMBER EXPORTS BY THE BALTIC. 257 



10,195,225 roubles. The value of the exports of 1882 was 

 placed at 12,911,072 dollars. A silver rouble is worth 

 about two shillings at present. 



'Of the leading articles exported during the twelve 

 years, there were in pieces, 3,651,095 staves and clapboards ; 

 30,382,566 sleepers ; 49,491,155 posts and flooring. With 

 the exception of 47,709 pieces shipped to Africa, the 

 whole amount was cleared for European ports. England 

 received 58'7 per cent, of the total exports ; Holland, 14*1 ; 

 Germany, 101 ; France, 86; Belgium, -5 ; and Portugal, 2'2 

 per cent. The balance was taken by Denmark, Sweden, 

 Norway, Spain, and Ita4y. During the year 1882 the aver- 

 age freight charges, per St. Petersburg standard, to French 

 ports were as follows : Dunkirk, Boulogne, and Dieppe 

 9 dols. to 9'50 dols. ; to Havre, Honefleur, and Rome ; 

 10-50 dols. to 11-50 dols. 



' On the whole, the timber and timber trade cf Riga 

 for the past several years has made notable progress, and 

 the movement in 1882 was especially favourable. The 

 trade of France with this port, though not nearly so heavy 

 as that with Norway, is yet of no mean importance, as 

 the transactions for 1882 reached the sum of 835,000 

 dols., and it is susceptible of considerable expansion.' 



Further to the east, on the Gulf of Finland, are the 

 ports of Revel, Narva, and Cronstadt, from all of which 

 there is an export of forest produce, but this is not to 

 any great extent, if at all, derived from Lithuania. 



The following memorandum supplied by Mr Quinn, in 

 regard to charges made at the time of his visit (1860), 

 for the transport of wood from ports which have been 

 named, and from Windau and Pillau may be useful for 

 purposes of comparision : 



Cronstadt to London, deals 40s. Od. per std. 



,, to Exmouth Bight, deals, ... j 47s. 6d. ,, 



or to Shoreham, \ 47s. 6d. ,, 



Narva Bay to London, deah and timber, 57s. 6d. ,, 



,, to East Coast, deals, 55s. Od. 



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