FIG. 8. A, skeleton of Frog from the dorsal aspect ; B, anterior face of the fourth 

 vertebra. In A the left half of the shoulder-girdle and the left fore- and hind- 

 limbs are removed, as also are the investing-bones of the left side of the skull. 

 Cartlilaginous parts are distinguished by dotting. The names of replacing 

 bones are in thick capital letters, those of investing bones in italic capitals, other 

 references in small italics. 



a.c.hy. anterior horn of hyoid ; actb. acetabulum ; AST. astragalus ; a.zyg. anterior 

 articular processes, or zygapophysis ; b.hy. basi-hyal ; C. calcar ; CAL. cal- 

 caneum ;.cn. centrum; EX.OC. exoccipital : FE. femur; fon, fon.' fontan- 

 elles ; FR. PA. fronto-parietal ; HU. humerus ; IL. ilium; Im. roof of 

 neural arch ; MX. maxilla ; n. j/. neural spine ; olf. cp. olfactory capsule ; 

 of. pr. otic process ; /. c. hy. posterior horn of hyoid ; pd. base of neural 

 arch ; PMX. premaxilla ; PR. OT. pro-otic ; QU.JU, quadrato-jugal ; RA. UL. 

 radio-ulna; SP. ETH. sphenethmoid ; 6"^. squamosal ; S. SOP. supra-scapula ; 

 s#.y. suspensorium ; TI. FI. tibio-fibula ; tr. pr. transverse process ; UST. uro- 

 style ; V. 1, cervical vertebra ; V. 9, sacral vertebra; VO. vomer ; lV digits. 

 (From Parker and Haswell's Zoology, after Howes, slightly altered.) 



