CHAP, xi VEINS 527 



a. epg. anterior epigastric artery ; a.f. anterior facial vein ; a. m. anterior mesen- 

 teric artery ; a. ph. anterior phrenic vein ; az. v. azygos vein ; br. right 

 brachial artery ; c. il. a. common iliac artery ; c. il. v. hinder end of post- 

 caval ; cae. coeliac artery ; d. ao. dorsal aorta ; e. c. external carotid artery ; 

 e. il. a. external iliac artery ; e. il. v. external iliac vein ; e.ju. external jugular 

 vein ; fm. a. femoral artery ',fm. v. femoral vein ; h. v. hepatic veins ; i. c. internal 

 carotid artery ; i. cs. intercostal vessels ; i.ju. internal jugular vein ; i. I. ilio- 

 lumbar artery and vein ; in. innominate artery ; /. an. left auricle ; /. c. c. left 

 common carotid artery ; /. pr. c. left precaval vein ; /. v. left ventricle ; m. sc. 

 caudal artery ; p. a. pulmonary artery ; /. epg. posterior epigastric artery and 

 vein ; p.f. posterior facial vein ; p. -in. posterior mesenteric artery ; p. ph. 

 posterior phrenic veins ; ptc. postcaval vein ; /. v. pulmonary vein ; r. renal 



. artery and vein ; r. an. right auricle ; r. c. c. right common carotid artery ; 

 r.prc. right precaval vein ; r, ?>. right ventricle ; scl. a. right subclavian artery ; 

 scl. v. right subclavian vein ; spm. spermatic artery and vein ; s. vs. vesical 

 artery and vein ; ut. uterine artery and vein ; vr. vertebral artery. (From 

 Parker's Zootomy.) 



the left ilio-lumbar sometimes runs forwards to open into the 

 corresponding renal vein. Rather more anteriorly still are 

 a pair of spermatic (spm) or ovarian veins, and a large renal 

 vein (r) enters the postcaval from each kidney. As the 

 postcaval passes through the dorsal border of the liver, it 

 receives several large hepatic veins (Figs. 137 and 140, h. v) 

 from the lobes of that organ. Other small veins from the 

 body-walls and from the posterior surface of the diaphragm 

 also open into the postcaval, which then passes through the 

 central tendon of the diaphragm and runs forward in the 

 mediastinal space (Fig. \^pt. cav) to open into the right 

 auricle. 



The hepatic portal vein (Fig. 137, /. v) is a large vessel 

 situated in the mesentery, ventral to the postcaval. An- 

 teriorly it passes into and divides up in the liver, sending a 

 branch to each lobe : posteriorly it is constituted by a large 

 anterior mesenteric vein (m. v) returning the blood from the 

 small intestine, colon, and caecum, and by smaller veins 

 from the stomach, spleen, and duodenum, as well as by a 

 posterior mesenteric vein (p. m. v) from the rectum. 



The pulmonary veins have already been described (p. 522). In the 

 freshly-killed animal a number of the delicate, transparent, lymphatic 

 vessels (p. 97) can be made out, those from the intestine (lacteals} 



