216 AGRICULTURAL BACTERIOLOGY 



maintained: first, the examination of the milk in the city 

 as to the number and kind of bacteria it contains ; and, sec- 

 ond, an inspection of the dairy farms as to the methods 

 there used and to the health of the animals. A summary 

 of the rules imposed by the city of New York follows. It 

 will be noted that the rules are intended to force the pro- 

 duction of a clean and healthful milk. 



THE cows 



3. The cows must be kept clean, and manure must not be 

 permitted to collect upon the tail, sides, udder, or belly of 

 any milch-cow. 



2. The cows should be groomed daily, and all collections 

 of manure, mud, or other filth must not be allowed to re- 

 main upon their flanks, udders, or bellies during milking. 



3. The clipping of long hairs from the udder and flanks 

 of the cows is of assistance in preventing the collection of 

 filth which may drop into the milk. The hair on the tails 

 should be cut, so that the brush will be well above the 

 ground. 



4. The udders and teats of the cow should be thoroughly 

 cleaned before milking ; this to be done by thorough brush- 

 ing and the use of a cloth and warm water. 



5. To prevent the cows from lying down and getting 

 dirty between cleaning and milking, a throat-latch of rope 

 or chain should be fastened across the stanchions under the 

 cow 's neck. 



6. Only feed that is of good quality, and only grain and 

 coarse fodders that are free from dirt and mold, should 

 be used. Distillery waste or any substance in a state of 

 fermentation or putrefaction must not be fed. 



7. Cows that are not in good flesh and condition should 

 be immediately removed and their milk kept separate until 

 their health has been passed upon by a veterinarian. 



