50 Chapter IV. 



and especially not the twenty-seventh and the follow- 

 ing paragraphs of chapter the second, nor paragraphs 

 116, 119, 122, 123 of chapter the ninth. In these 

 chapters Reimarus shows that there is not only a differ- 

 ence in degree, but also in essence between sensitive 

 cognition and intelligence, and that animals are en- 

 dowed with instinct, but not with intellect. We earn- 

 estly recommend the study of these chapters to all those 

 modern animal psychologists who acknowledge the 

 work of Reimarus to be an achievement as yet unsur- 

 passed in the line of animal psychology. 



Reimarus was not the first to understand and deduce 

 the difference between instinct and intelligence. On 

 carefully studying his "Allgemeine Betrachtungen 

 ueber die Triebe der Thiere," and on comparing his 

 opinions with Aristotelian views of animal psychology, 

 as they are contained in the Summa Theologica and 

 other works of St. Thomas Aquinas which bear on the 

 psychic life of animals, the conviction is forced upon 

 us that Reimarus plainly developed to their last conse- 

 quences the views of Aristotle and of mediaeval scho- 

 lasticism on animal psychology. With Thomas of 

 Aquin Reimarus 1 ascribes to animals, at least to the 

 higher genera, 2 besides the outer senses, an inner 

 sense, a sensile memory and the sensile powers of 

 imagination and estimation, with the sole difference that 

 Reimarus formulates the latter powers somewhat dif- 

 ferently, and refuses to recognize the sensile memory 

 of animals as a memory in the proper sense of the 



x ) S. Thorn., "Summ. theol., 1, q. 78, a. 4; 1, 2, q. 4, a. 2 ad 2, 

 and in different other places Reimarus Nos. 11-18. 

 2 ) See in lib. 12 Metaph. I. 1, lect. 1. 



