Examination of Some Objections. 51 



word. 1 Furthermore, as Thomas of Aquin ascribes 

 to animals sensuous affections (passiones) which are 

 similar to those of man, so does Reimarus. 2 With 

 Thomas of Aquin he 3 lays particular stress on the 

 hereditary, artificial abilities of animals, for the sake 

 of explaining their psychic life, and 4 attributes to 

 animals only sensile cognition and sensile appetite, but 

 denies intelligence and free-will. Both of them 5 in- 

 sist, on the other hand, upon a certain analogy which 

 exists in many instances between the instinctive life of 

 animals and the intelligent and free activity of man 

 (participatio aliqua rationis, libertatis). With Thomas 

 of Aquin Reimarus 6 describes instinctive impulses as 

 definite natural aptitudes (determinationes -naturae), 



1 ) Cf. Reimarus Nos. 14, 17, 18, 178. The reason is, because R. 

 believes that memory essentially includes a power of reminiscence 

 which recognizes the past as past; a power which naturally presupposes 

 a comparison of representations and a judgment on their reciprocal rela- 

 tions. Yet, he distinctly declares (No. 178), his readiness to ascribe to 

 animals a memoria sensitiva, if it is understood as a mere reproduction 

 of antecedent representations and their combination with present appre- 

 hensions. But Aristotle and Thomas of Aquin had long ago drawn a 

 clear distinction between memoria and reminiscentia, and attributed 

 only the former, but denied the latter to animals. Therefore the 

 opinion of Reimarus in reality coincides with their view. 



2) S. Thos., "Sunim. theol.," 1, 2, q. 31, a. 3 and a. 6; q. 35, a. 6; 

 q. 40, a. 3; q. 41, a. 1 ad 3; q. 46, a. 4; 3, dist. 26. q. 1, a. 1. Reimarus, 

 Nos. 43, 44. 



3 ) S. Thorn., "Summ. theol.," 1, 2, q. 13, a. 2 ad 3. Reimarus, 

 Nos. 85-143. 



*) S. Thorn., q. 24 "De verit," a. 2; Reim. 27-31; 119-123. 



B ) S. Thorn., q. 24 and 25, "De verit," a. 2; 3, dist. 27, q. 1, a. 2; 

 "Summ. theol.," 1, 2, q. 24, a. 4 ad 3; in lib. 12 Metaph. I. 1, lect. 1 

 (prudentia de regim. pricip. I. 1, c. 1 (naturalis industria). Reimarus, 

 No. 26 and other places. 



8 ) 5. Thorn., 2, dist. 25, q. 1, a. 1 ad 7; q. 18 De verit., a. 7 ad 7. 

 Reimarus, Nos. 140-143. 



