Examination of Some Objections. 57 



testing against the humanization of the animal and still 

 humanize it themselves by allotting to it a power of 

 formal reasoning different indeed from human reason 

 in degree, but not in kind. Now we have proved in 

 detail (in Chapters 2 and 3), that any and every power 

 of formal reasoning necessarily implies ratiocinations 

 similar to the human." Therefore, the avowal that 

 animals are unable to make ratiocinations similar to the 

 human is equivalent to the statement that they do not 

 possess a power of formal reasoning that they have no 

 intelligence. Hence we must persist in our demand: 

 give the terms their proper meaning, and do not trifle 

 with the term "intelligence" by substituting at random 

 contrary significations. Such a procedure renders all 

 scientific animal psychology impossible, and paves the 

 way for an indiscriminate humanization of the brute. 



A passage of another work of Prof. Forel on the 

 sense perceptions of insects, a work valuable, indeed, 

 for psychology and biology alike, 1 proves the truth 

 of this assertion. From the fact that ants and other 

 insects are able to connect different sense perceptions 

 in a suitable manner and not unfrequently make use of 

 former sense experiences on subsequent occasions a 

 fact for which we shall furnish copious evidence from 

 personal observation in our "Vergleichende Studien 

 ueber das Seelenleben der Ameisen." 2 Forel draws 

 the following conclusion : "Done les insectes raisonnmt, 

 et les plus intelligents d'entre eux, les hymenopteres 

 sociaux, surtout les guepes et les fourmis, raisonnent 



l ) "Experiences et remarques critiques sur les sensations des in- 

 sectes." 2d part (Recueil Zool. Suisse, 31 Mars, 1887), p. 237. 

 8 ) An English translation of which will soon follow. 



