General Sense Images and the Power of Abstraction. 77 



ciation of sense images, whereas the former has the ad- 

 ditional faculty of forming general concepts by abstrac- 

 tion and of applying them for further inference." 



It must be acknowledged that Emery wished to 

 understand us, and, therefore, did understand us; an 

 acknowledgment which is not equally applicable to all 

 our critics. Following our arguments closely and 

 without distorting or avoiding them, he has clearly and 

 distinctly explained the real point of difference which 

 separates us from the representatives of modern animal 

 psychology. 



Let us then examine Emery's objections against 

 cur distinction of instinct and intelligence. The first is 

 the following : 



"We ask what is meant by an association of sense 

 images," and what is understood by a "power of ab- 

 straction"? How are they to be distinguished one 

 from the other ? An example will help to illustrate our 

 meaning. Uncivilized people are fond of glowing 

 colors. Thus in the languages of many tribes the same 

 term is said to express the color which we call "red" 

 and the notion of "pretty." Consequently, the sense 

 perception of "red" is connected with the feeling of 

 "pretty." Hence the wish arises to possess any object 

 of that color. The whole process consists of an asso- 

 ciation of sense images and of feelings called forth by 

 those images. In this instance man acts just as a dog 

 would which, after an olfactory test of a piece of meat, 

 is induced to devour it through the combined sense and 

 memory images produced by the odor of the meat, the 

 gratifying taste, and its own feeling of hunger. Now 

 I could just as well have arranged these processes in 



