Intelligence and Speech. 108 



cognition. It was overwhelmed by evident contradic- 

 tions against common sense which it could not avoid. 

 And even Max Mueller was unsuccessful in his attempt 

 to revive it in a more up-to-date form. 1 



To quote a modern naturalist, W. Preyer, 2 on the 

 relation of speech to intelligence : "In reality it was not 

 speech that produced intelligence, but it was intelligence 

 that invented speech; and even in our times the new- 

 born infant is endowed with more intelligence, than 

 skill for speech. Man does not think, because he has 

 learned to speak, but he learned to speak because he 

 thinks." As surely as we must affirm : Nihil in intel- 

 lectu, quod non antea fuerit in sensu, so surely must we 

 say with Regnaud: 3 Nihil in dictu, quod non antea 

 fuerit in intellectu. 



It may then be regarded as an established fact, that 

 speech is not the cause of the high intelligence of man, 

 but that the high intelligence of man is the cause of 

 speech. Nor are the phonetic-graphic symbols of sound 

 indispensable, even as a condition, for the development 

 of individual intelligence. We call to mind the case of 

 Laura Bridgman, who at the age of two years, after 

 a severe illness, became entirely deaf and blind, and al- 

 most lost the senses of smell and taste. With her in- 



*) On the synergastic theory of Noiree and Max Mueller see Dr. 

 Alex. Giesswein, "Die Hauptprobleme der Sprachwissenschaft in ihren 

 Beziehungen zur Theologie, Philosophic und Anthropologie" (Freiburg 

 I. B., 1892), S. 169 ff. Also Gutberlet, "Der Mensch" (Paderborn, 

 1896), S. 368 ff. On the speechlessness of isolated children see Rauber, 

 "Homo sapiens ferus" (Leipzig, 1885), and Gutberlet, especially 

 page 261 ff. 



2 ) "Die Seele des Kindes," (3. Auflage), S. 29. 



3 ) Regnaud, "Origine et philosophic du langage" (Paris, 1888), p. 

 293. See also Giesswein, especially p. 162. 



