108 Chapter VI. 



able to find the term "musical instrument" after having 

 been ''unchained." In view of this fact, A. Pick 1 

 remarks : "Although Max Mueller denies the possibility 

 of thought without speech, Voit's "understanding with- 

 out words" "proves more than entire volumes of theo- 

 retical discussions." 



In treating these examples we have sufficiently dis- 

 proved Emery's objection, that human intelligence was 

 developed from the power of speech, and that speech 

 was the cause of intelligence. Let us now briefly sum 

 up the results of our examination : 



It is erroneous to state that general concepts of the 

 intellect grow into genuine abstractions only by being 

 expressed in language. It is equally erroneous to as- 

 sign the possession of phonetic-graphic symbols of 

 speech as the real cause of the high power of abstraction 

 in man. The very contrary is true. Words are the 

 expressions or manifestations of thought, human speech 

 is the expression of his intelligence. Without his in- 

 telligence man would never have attained the gift of 

 speech, and even if God had miraculously bestowed 

 it on him, human intelligence would have been the 

 necessary presupposition for its acceptance. In other 

 words : do away with intelligence, and you do away with 

 all logical possibility and psychological necessity of lan- 

 guage. The logical possibility : for nihil in dictu, quod 

 non ante a fuerit in intellect!!. The psychological ne- 

 cessity; for nobody tries to express concepts which he 

 does not have; and all who have intelligence, will un- 

 failingly experience the necessity of communicating 



J ) "Zeitschnft fuer Psychologic und Physiologic der Sinnesorgane," 

 3, 54. 



