Intelligence and Speech. 123 



But Mr. Emery prefers to ignore this "mysterious 

 spirit," as he calls the human soul (p. 19), and breaks 

 off all further controversy by the final declaration 

 (p. 21): 



"It is to no purpose, on my part, to continue my con- 

 troversy with Wasmann. The divergence of our views 

 is due to a totally different conception of the world and 

 of human nature. The main question, whether the 

 human mind presents only a higher development of a 

 disposition found in the animals, or whether, on the con- 

 trary, it is something quite apart, additional, and want- 

 ing in all other living beings, is far beyond the question 

 of intelligence. An answer to that main question would 

 determine the whole trend of science and thereby in- 

 fluence its results." 



We cannot but regret that our highly esteemed critic 

 concludes with this declaration. It is true, the ques- 

 tion, whether animals are endowed with intelligence or 

 not, is in the last resource connected with our respective 

 views on the higher questions of the universe. But this 

 is the case with almost any problem of natural phi- 

 losophy. An unprejudiced comparison of the facts, con- 

 nected with the psychic life of animals and of man, leads 

 infallibly to the conclusion that man possesses an essen- 

 tially superior principle of psychic activity, a spiritual 

 soul However, we judge the facts by no means a 

 priori from the standpoint of this necessary conclusion, 

 as Emery imputes to us; but we infer this conclusion 

 from a thorough examination of the facts. 



