10 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENALS. 



circumstances. This obviously suggests that the morbid phe- 

 nomena witnessed after extirpation of the adrenals are due to 

 the absence of a substance produced by these organs and se- 

 creted into the suprarenal veins. 



Not only do the adrenals produce the blood-pressure-rais- 

 ing substance the lack of which accounts for the symptoms that 

 follow bilateral removal, but the secretion of these organs alone 

 possesses the property of arresting these symptoms. Cybulski 33 

 experimentally found that the increase of blood-pressure and 

 other cardio-vascular manifestations, etc., could not be ob- 

 tained from similar preparations from the brain, spinal ganglia, 

 lymph-glands, liver, spleen, kidney, testicle, or thyroid. Man- 

 kowsky 34 corroborated these observations and noted that the 

 blood-pressure-raising power was peculiar to the suprarenal 

 extract, his experiments having also shown that this action 

 could not be obtained from the fresh thyroid gland, pancreas, 

 lymphatic glands, parotid, kidneys, liver, spleen, cerebrum, 

 heart, or skeletal muscles. 



An extract obtained from human adrenals possesses similar 

 properties to the preparations -in general use. This important 

 fact was ascertained by Guinard and Martin, of Lyons, 35 who 

 conducted a series of experiments with the adrenals of a 

 healthy executed criminal. Expressed juice of these glands 

 "produced physiological phenomena similar to those noted with 

 the extracts from organs obtained from other animals. The 

 nature of the poisons contained in them did not appear to 

 differ." 



The following conclusions therefore appear to be war- 

 ranted: 



1. Removal of both adrenals arrests the supply of a secretion 

 which these organs pour into the suprarenal veins. 



2. The secretion of the adrenals gives rise to physiological 

 phenomena which are not aivaltened by the active principles of 

 other organs. 



83 Cybulski: Loc. cit. 



M Mankowsky: Russian Archives of Physiology and Bact., March, 18 

 36 Guinard and Martin: Journal de Physiologie et de path, gener., 

 Archives Generates de M6decine, Oct., 1899. 



