472 THE RESPIRATORY MECHANISM. 



globinuria, but also found that the injection into the veins 

 of an aqueous 10-per-cent. solution of suprarenal extract "im- 

 mediately caused these phenomena to disappear." Boinet 29 

 states that after removal of both organs in a large number 

 of rats the respiration became "slow, painful, and difficult." 

 Black pigment, ascertained to be similar to that found in the 

 skin in Addison's disease, was found in large quantities in the 

 great majority of the animals examined. 



Again, the opposite procedure i.e., the introduction of 

 suprarenal extract into the circulation should increase the 

 activity of the cardiac and respiratory functions. Mankow- 

 sky 30 noted "a great increase in blood-pressure and stimulation 

 of the cardiac and respiratory centers." This occurred "even 

 when the animals (dogs) were under the influence of chloro- 

 form, morphine, or chloral hydrate." "In cats," says Swale 

 Vincent, 31 "by far the most noticeable feature was an enor- 

 mous rapidity of the respiratory movements in the early stage." 

 The two now familiar stages that occur under the influence 

 of toxic doses of suprarenal extract, as well as under that of 

 other poisons, are well illustrated in the following observation 

 by the same investigator: "In the early stage of poisoning 

 respiration is quick and shallow and the heart is excited. Sub- 

 sequently the breathing and heart-beats become feeble, and 

 finally the respiration is deep and infrequent." Finally, the 

 fact that all these phenomena are independent of the cord 

 has been shown by Biedl, 32 who, as we have seen, obtained 

 marked increase of blood-pressure after injections of supra- 

 renal extract, notwithstanding the fact that all the spinal 

 structures had been removed. These few illustrations, to which 

 many could be added, seem to us to conclusively show that in 

 general toxaemias dyspnoea is primarily due to impaired activity 

 of the adrenals. 



The evidence available that vasomotor nerves are present 

 in the lungs is exceedingly limited as compared to that re- 

 corded in relation to their presence in other organs. And still 



29 Boinet: Loc. cit. 



80 Mankowsky: Russian Archives of Pathol., etc., March, 



81 Swale Vincent: Jour, of Physiol., Feb. 17, 1898. 



82 Biedl: Wiener klin. Wochenschrift, ix. 1896. 



