756 INTERNAL SECRETIONS AND PRESERVATION OF LIFE. 



bacteria. That this is true is shown by the fact recorded by 

 Bordet 01 that agglutination was the first effect of haemolysis 

 produced in this manner. The quantity of serum injected and 

 the intervals between the injections thus become the ruling 

 factors of the use of normal serum. This is sustained by the 

 experiments of Cantacuzene 92 and others. 



But we refer in this connection only to normal serum, as 

 against that of immunized animals or animals in which even 

 the blood of another species has been injected. Indeed, as is 

 well known the latter acquires through the procedure a marked 

 increase of haemolytic power, simply through the fact, in our 

 opinion, that the alien serum acts as a toxic upon the adrenal 

 system and gives rise to an active production of the blood's 

 protective bodies: a feature which can be clinically utilized to 

 great advantage by avoiding large doses. 



Eichet and Hericourt (who also first suggested immuniza- 

 tion by means of the blood-serum of immunized animals) found 

 experimentally, as is well known, that the injections of dog- 

 serum were completely non-toxic if collected with due care. 

 Eichet 93 used hypodermic injections of this serum in tuber- 

 culosis, pulmonary and laryngeal. Both the local and general 

 phenomena were improved, the patients gaining several pounds 

 in weight. The serum proved absolutely harmless physiologic- 

 ally. Eoger 94 experimentally found that the treatment reduced 

 the virulence of the bacillus. Semmola 95 obtained beneficial 

 results in but two out of ten cases. This is readily accounted 

 for in the light of our views, for the serum can only be valuable 

 in the advanced stages: i.e., when hypoleucocytosis by wasting, 

 a febrile process, etc., are present owing to involvement of the 

 leucocytogenic glands. Our aim, however, is to show that the 

 blood of some lower animals can be safely used in human beings. 

 Immunized horse-serum and goat-serum have also been em- 

 ployed without giving rise to untoward phenomena, and the 

 use by Wassermann of ox-serum in guinea-pigs suggests that 

 this readily-obtained serum can likewise be used with due pre- 



91 Bordet: Annales de 1'Institut Pasteur, vol. 1896. 



92 CantacuzSne: Annales de 1'Institut Pasteur, vol. 1900. 

 83 Richet: La Semaine MSdicale, Jan. 28, 1891. 



94 Roger: Bulletin de la Phthisie Pulmonaire, Paris, No. 3, 1891. 

 96 Semmola: Internationale klinische Rundschau, Nos. 25, 26, 1891. 



