104 NATURAL HISTORY OF SBLBORNE. 



Of the sedge-bird be pleased to say it sings most part of the 

 night ; its notes are hurrying, but not unpleasing, and imitative 

 of several birds ; as the sparrow, swallow, sky-lark. When it 

 happens to be silent in the night, by throwing a stone or clod 

 into the bushes where it sits you immediately set it a singing ; or 

 in other words, though it slumbers sometimes, yet as soon as it 

 is awakened it reassumes its song.* 



LETTER XL. To T. PENNANT, ESQ. 



DEAR SIR, Sdborne, Sept. 2, 1774. 



BEFORE your letter arrived, and of my own accord, I had been 

 remarking and comparing the tails of the male and female swal- 

 low, and this ere any young broods appeared ; so that there was 

 no danger of confounding the dams with their pulli : and besides, 

 as they were then always in pairs, and busied in the employ of 

 nidification, there could be no room for mistaking the sexes nor 

 the individuals of different chimneys the one for the other. From 

 all my observations, it constantly appeared that each sex has the 

 long feathers in its tail that give it that forked shape ; with this 

 difference, that they are longer in the tail of the male than in that 

 of the female.f 



Nightingales, when their young first come abroad, and are 

 helpless, make a plaintive and a jarring noise ; and also a snap- 

 ping or cracking, pursuing people along the hedges as they walk : 

 these last sounds seem intended for menace and defiance. 



The grasshopper-lark chirps all night in the height of summer. 

 Swans turn white the second year, and breed the third. 



Weasels prey on moles, as appears by their being sometimes 

 caught in mole-traps. 



Sparrow-hawks sometimes breed in old crows' nests, and the 

 kestril in churches and ruins. 



There are supposed to be two sorts of eels in the island of Ely. 

 The threads sometimes discovered in eels are perhaps their young : 

 the generation of eels is very dark and mysterious.^ 



* Sufficiently intimating, if other evidence were wanting, that the louder notes of birds are 

 those of challenge and defiance. I have known a whitethroat-fauvet to sing loudly and continu- 

 ously after it had been wounded'and brought down with the gun. ED. 



h They often vary in length in the same individual, and are comparatively very short in the 

 young. ED. 



t Two species of eels (anguilla) are extremely common throughout the country, a third has 

 been discovered in the river Avon, in Hampshire, and a fourth, the grig ee!, at it has beeu 



