ECHOES. 203 



re-echo much more articulately than hanging woods or vales ; 

 because in the latter the voice is as it were entangled, and em- 

 barrassed in the covert, and weakened in the rebound. 



The true object of this echo, as we found by various experi- 

 ments, is the stone-built, tiled hop-kiln in Gally-lane, which 

 measures in front forty feet, and from the ground to the eaves 

 twelve feet. The true centrum phonicum, or just distance, is one 

 particular spot in the KingVfield, in the path to Nore-hill, on 

 the very brink of the steep balk above the hollow cart-way. In 

 this case there is no choice of distance ; but the path, by mere 

 contingency, happens to be the lucky, the identical spot, because 

 the ground rises or falls so immediately, if the speaker either 

 retires or advances, that his mouth would at once be above or 

 below the object. 



We measured this polysyllabical echo with great exactness, 

 and found the distance to fall very short of Dr. Plot's rule for 

 distinct articulation : for the Doctor, in his history of Oxford- 

 shire, allows 120 feet for the return of each syllable distinctly : 

 hence this echo, which gives ten distinct syllables, ought to mea- 

 sure 400 yards, or 120 feet to each syllable; whereas our dis- 

 tance is only 258 yards, or near 75 feet, to each syllable. Thus 

 our measure falls short of the Doctor's, as five to eight : but then 

 it must be acknowledged that this candid philosopher was con- 

 vinced afterwards, that some latitude must be admitted of in the 

 distance of echoes according to time and place. 



When experiments of this sort are making, it should always 

 be remembered that weather and the time of day have a vast 

 influence on an echo ; for a dull, heavy, moist air deadens and 

 clogs the sound ; and hot sunshine renders the air thin and weak, 

 and deprives it of all its springiness ; and a ruffling wind quite 

 defeats the whole. In a still, clear, dewy evening the air is most 

 elastic ; and perhaps the later the hour the more so. 



Echo has always been so amusing to the imagination, that 

 the poets have personified her ; and in their hands she has been 

 the occasion of many a beautiful fiction. Nor need the gravest 

 man be ashamed to appear taken with such a phenomenon, since 

 it may become the subject of philosophical or mathematical 

 enquiries. 



One should have imagined that echoes, if not entertaining, 

 must at least have been harmless and inoffensive ; yet Virgil ad- 

 vances a strange notion, that they are injurious to bees. After 



