vi CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Scapulae. Trachelo subscapularis, its Function hitherto unknown. The 

 Great Dorsal and Pectoral as Propellers. The Mastoido humeralis as an 

 Extensor. The Muscles of the Shoulder-Blade. The Pair of Muscles that 

 flex the Shoulder. The Function of the Triceps in resisting the Fall of the 

 Body and in Locomotion. Function of the Flexors of the Forearm. High 

 Action. Obstacles to a Full Understanding of the Functions of the Loco- 

 motive Muscles removed by the Camera. Analysis of the Movements of the 

 Anterior Extremity. Mechanical Points desirable in a Horse for Speed or 

 Strength. Low Centres of Motion. Long Levers. Comparison between 

 the Anterior and Posterior Extremities. Why Quadrupeds rise from Recum- 

 bent Positions with Difficulty. Why Boxers and Others liable to be placed 

 suddenly on the Defence have their Limbs semi-flexed. Elements of 

 Speed 60 



CHAPTER V. 



Influence of Gravity constant. Momentum accelerated. The Law of Falling 

 Bodies and its Application to Locomotion. The nearer the Trajectory of the 

 Centre of Gravity is to a Straight Line the more perfect the Locomotion. 

 The Theory of Quadrupedal Locomotion stated. Analysis of the Run. 

 The same in all the Domestic Animals. The Bound of the Deer. Why the 

 Flexor Tendons of the Fore Legs are more liable to be injured in the Run. 

 What is the Gallop? Objections of Artists answered. Truth must prevail 

 over Conventionalism. The Canter 83 



CHAPTER VI. 



The Leap not properly a Pace. Action in the Leap described. The Danger 

 to be apprehended in the Leap. The Standing Leap. Correspondence in 

 the Action of the Horse in the Leap and the Deer in the Bound. Action in 

 the Trot. Distinction between a Step and a Stride. The Difficulty to be 

 encountered in increasing the Speed of Trotters. Difference in the Action in 

 the Trot and the Run. Difficulty in restraining a Horse from breaking into 

 a Run explained. Fast Trotting cultivated in America in Thoroughbreds. 

 Trotting not Hereditary, but a Habit. Theory and Mechanical Action in the 

 Trot. The Action in Ambling, or " Pacing." Definition of the Walk appli- 

 cable to Bipeds, not to Quadrupeds. The Action in the Walk. The Action 

 in the Pace known as Single-Foot IO S 



CHAPTER VII. 

 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PACES Il8 



APPENDIX I2 3 



