208 SIMMENTHAL (BERNESE) CATTLE. 



mainly to the legs and belly line, with white marks about the flanks, and 

 usually, also, about head and neck. Further than this there is no dis- 

 tinctive arrangement of color markings. In size they are fully equal to 

 the largest Herefords or Holstein-Friesians bulls weighing at maturity 

 1,900 to 2,300 pounds, cows from 1,200 to 1,600 Ibs. The head is 

 broad and short, rather beefy, with a neck which in the bull fills up 

 grandly as the animal develops, and in the cow is short, not delicate, 

 but neat and well carried. There is a characteristic mark in the peculiar 

 pendent skin beneath the throttle in both sexes especially so in the 

 bull and in the rather long and finely shaped ears well fringed with 

 hair. The horns are white and waxy to the tips, pointing outward and 

 upward, sometimes forward, much like those of the Hereford, but 

 shorter and better curved. The shoulders are deep and surmounted by 

 a mass of dense muscular tissue, filling the crops to an even line ; ribs 

 well sprung to a neatly rounded barrel ; haunches smooth, not promi 

 nent indeed, the even, rounded appearance of the haunches, as seen 

 from rear view, may be called a prominent characteristic of the breed. 

 The tail is placed well up, and drops squarely between full buttocks ; 

 legs medium to short, with large, strong bone closely held in firm tissue 

 almost the perfection of bovine symmetry and strength. The general 

 appearance indicates beef and feeding capacity ; and the long body, 

 squarely placed on legs of moderate length, gives a framework of suf- 

 ficient size to carry an enormous carcass. 



As we have already indicated, the Simmenthal should be classed 

 with the beef breeds. As to their merit for use in grading up on the 

 range, we can only conjecture, as they have not been tried long enough 

 to exhibit many grade offspring. We believe, however, that the South- 

 western rangemen have a very valuable addition to their stock in this 

 breed, and we shall await further trial with interest. 



The engraving has been prepared expressly for our use from a pho- 

 tograph of Rev. von Schluembach's cattle, by Baron von Hollweg, 

 and is remarkably accurate in all details. The bull in front is Czar ; a 

 fine model, with evenly variegated color. The one showing escutcheon 

 (rear view) is Sultan ; he represents the type in which the white mark- 

 ings are limited to lower line, legs and head. The view of Sultan dis- 

 plays fully the characteristic rounded haunches, and shows a thigh well 

 turned and extremely muscular. The cow Edelweiss is unfortunately 

 almost hidden by the two bulls, but is fully their equal in breed 

 markings and characteristics. 



[Rev. von Schluembach's address is now Cleveland, Ohio.] 



