226 HINTS ON SELECTION, CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. 



for calving, the heifer is put in a box stall and carefully watched, and during calving if 

 necessary, assistance is given. For the first few days after calving, very little grain food 

 is given, and that largely bran ; then, as she gains strength, we gradually add in quantity 

 and quality of grain food, the amount depending entirely on the individual and its 

 powers of digestion and assimilation, but in a mixture of two parts of wheat bran to one 

 of ground oats and one-fourth of one part of oil meal, which is our mixture for cows, 

 where quantity of milk is required, or, if feeding for butter, one part each of corn meal, 

 ground oats and bran, and one-fourth of one part of oil meal, the amount per capita 

 would be from 4 to 12 pounds per day. 



" Our milch cows are milked two or three times a day, as circumstances dictate, and 

 are fed at each milking, which is done in the stable, grain feed being fed dry. In sum- 

 mer, cows run in pasture ; they are fed soiling foods, such as rye, clover, oats or corn in 

 stable, when pastures are poor. In winter corn or clover ensilage is fed, with an alter- 

 nate feeding of hay. 



" The milk of each cow is carefully weighed separately, and the amount set down at 

 the time on a blackboard conveniently placed, and each day transferred to a book made for 

 the purpose ; the milk is then taken to the creamery where it is thoroughly strained 

 through a perforated tin strainer and four thicknesses of cheese-cloth into a large tank ; 

 from there it goes into a smaller tank, and thence into the De Laval Separator. The 

 skim or separated milk is run into a tank, from which it is drawn as needed. The 

 cream is put in large vessels and allowed to acidify, and then churned in a cubic churn 

 propelled by steam power. When the butter is in the grain, the buttermilk is drawn off, 

 and the butter thoroughly washed in clear, cold water ; it is then taken to the butter- 

 worker, and salt added, one ounce to the pound of butter, then packed away in a cold 

 room, and next day taken out, worked and packed for market. 



' ' We use no cotton-seed meal or concentrated or highly stimulating foods, nor any 

 drink other than pure water. Scrupulous cleanliness is used in caring for both calves 

 and cows, milk and butter. 



' ' We keep our service bulls in stalls, and fasten them with chain from ring in 

 the nose, and also from strap around the neck. They are so placed as to be able to see 

 each other, and we think this tends to make them fearless of strangers and accustomed to 

 company. These bulls we feed very sparingly of grain, and give hay and soiling foods in 

 summer and ensilage in winter. 



"Yours truly, SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB." 



The above is an excellent type of well-planned, thorough system. 

 Lakeside Farm has become very widely known for the high class of its 

 stock and dairy products, and the success attained is explained by the 

 above outline of actual methods pursued. 



Jerseys. 



MANOR, Tex., July 16, 1888. 



* * * * My stock run in pasture in all except the very severest 

 weather. Young things by themselves until old enough to breed, when they are turned 

 into the large pasture with the others. The time of their breeding is noted. Unless in 

 thin order, no feed is given to heifers or dry cows in the grass season. Cows giving milk 

 are fed all the time on cotton-seed, shelled oats and crushed corn and cob meal, with hay 

 or corn fodder as I happen to have. If a cow is to drop calf in winter, she is carefully 

 watched, and stabled in roomy box stall well littered. If the weather is mild, she is left 

 in pasture. (No mules in pasture). As soon as the calf is dropped, the cow is milked out 

 clean. 



" The calf is allowed to suck until it is three or four days old, when it is removed 



