HINTS OX SELECTION, CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. 233 



hours or 12 hours old just the relative difference I am not aware has ever been settled. 

 Calves fed on separated skim-milk, reared in this vicinity, are certainly not so thrifty and 

 large as those raised a few years ago on set skim-milk. 



' ' There is very great difference of opinion among men as to keeping cows in the barn 

 during winter. My practice is to keep them in during all snow storms and blizzards, and 

 all days when the thermometer is at zero or below. I turn them out two or three times a 

 day for water, and as soon as they are through drinking put them back cleaning out the 

 stables while they are in. The temperature should be above 32 degrees Fahrenheit, 

 when the cattle are in the barn. Truly yours, 



"J. N. MUNCEY" 



Mr. Muncey is one of our careful, accurate breeders, well qualified 

 by taste and an extended education to solve some of the actual problems 

 of the day. The point he mentions (difference in feeding value between 

 "set-skim" the skim-milk left when cream is removed, after setting 

 milk away for a number of hours and "separated skim-milk" the 

 product from centrifugal cream separators) is one of considerable in- 

 terest. In the South, especially, the centrifugal process is of peculiar 

 value, saving ice a costly commodity by reason of greatly decreased 

 bulk in handling; and if, as Mr. Muncey suggests, the skim product 

 from the machine is inferior to that from the set milk, some way must 

 be found to remedy the defect. As a matter of fact, later experiments 

 have shown that the addition of a small quantity of flaxseed tea, or oil 

 meal gruel, to the separated skim milk effectually overcomes the objec- 

 tion mentioned by Mr. Muncey, and renders the separator product as 

 valuable as the now old-fashioned set-skim milk was ever claimed to be 

 for feeding calves. 



