ARTICULATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES. 293 



be traced to the bones of the second row. It is a loose and 

 thin membrane, the fibrous fasciculi of which leave interstices 

 at several points between them, through which the synovial 

 membrane may be seen. The capsular ligament is strengthened 

 at particular places, by additional fasciculi of fibres having ap- 

 propriate names. For example, the internal lateral ligament 

 arises from the styloid process of the ulna, and is inserted into 

 the cuneiforme, some of its fibres being extended to the ante- 

 rior annular ligament, and to the pisiforme. The external la- 

 teral ligament arises from the styloid process of the radius, and 

 is inserted into the radial end of the scaphoides; some of its 

 fibre? being continued on to the trapezium, and to the anterior 

 annular ligament. The anterior ligament arises from the vici- 

 nity of the styloid process of the radius, and passing obliquely 

 downwards and inwards, is inserted into the anterior face of 

 the scaphoides, lunare, and cuneiforme. Its fibres are not very 

 evident or well marked. The posterior ligament is not so 

 broad as the last, and is more distinct. It also arises from the 

 radius, by and near its styloid process, and descending oblique- 

 ly inwards, is inserted into the lunare and cuneiforme. The 

 last two ligaments have no connexion with the ulna, the rota- 

 tion of the fore arm is, therefore, unimpeded by them. 



The synovial membrane of the radio-carpal articulation is 

 displayed on the articular faces af the bones and their interme- 

 diate fibre-cartilage, and lines the internal face of the capsular 

 ligament. When the joint is pressed upon, this membrane is 

 protruded, in the form of little vesicles, in the interstices be- 

 tween the fasciculi of the capsular ligament. A fold of it con- 

 taining a small quantity of adipose matter is observed on the 

 back of the cavity of the joint, passing from the junction of the 

 scaphoides and lunare to the corresponding point of the radius; 

 it is the ligamentum mucosum of some writers. 



3. Of the Articulation between the two rows oftfie Carpal Bones. 

 The scaphoides, lunare, and cuneiforme of the first row, and 

 all the bones of the second row, are the foundation of this joint, 

 the surfaces of which have been described already. These 

 surfaces are covered with cartilage, each bone having its ap- 

 propriate cartilage, which is continued on its side where the 



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